Editing ProRail (section)

==History==
The creation of ProRail can be traced back to policies of the Dutch government implemented during the 1990s; it was decided that rail operations should be reorganised, and that the [[private sector]] should have a greater involvement in their operations, in order to improve operations.<ref name = "outsourcing 2006"/> In 1998, the first [[outsourcing|outsourced]] small-scale maintenance operations took place. Despite this direction, government ownership of the national railway infrastructure operator has been retained.<ref name = "outsourcing 2006"/> Instead, ProRail was established on 1 January 2003 when three separate organisations responsible for rail infrastructure in the Netherlands were merged.<ref>Railned and RIB merge as ProRail ''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' February 2003 page 62</ref> Upon its creation, ProRail became responsible for the total cost of ownership and the long-term availability of the rail infrastructure, as well as to avoid operational safety being compromised.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/article/2770/innovative-solutions-to-old-problems/ |title = Innovative solutions to old problems |publisher = globalrailwayreview.com |date = 3 November 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/article/1516/prorails-management-of-tracks-and-turnouts/ |title = ProRail's management of tracks and turnouts |publisher = globalrailwayreview.com |date = 30 July 2007}}</ref>

One early reform of the organisation, implemented for the 2007–2011 timeframe, was for all contracts to be publicly [[invitation to tender|tender]] based on performance and process specifications.<ref name = "outsourcing 2006"/> This was intended to facilitate effective competition to be awarded contract work while retaining the public service orientation sought by the government.<ref name = "outsourcing 2006"/> Key functions, such as track inspection, had transitioned to the private sector by 2006.<ref name = "outsourcing 2006"/> Jan Swier, ProRails Strategic Advisor for Maintenance and Renewals, noted that there were initial concerns over this safety-critical work being performed externally, yet the work has been effectively performed, aiding by the introduction of sophisticated track inspection machinery. All track is inspected twice per month while busy main lines can be inspected as often as once per week.<ref name = "outsourcing 2006"/> Trackwork, such as grinding, was largely outsourced; working practices also changed, moving from corrective grinding to preventive grinding to both ease and lower the cost of the work. The implementation of real time asset monitoring was also pursued, by 2006, approximately 1,000 switches in The Netherlands had been equipped with remote condition monitoring equipment.<ref name = "outsourcing 2006"/><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/article/1575/beneficial-monitoring-not-whether-but-when/ |title = Beneficial monitoring: not whether, but when? |publisher = globalrailwayreview.com |date = 26 September 2007}}</ref>

In the late 2000s, in response to repeated year-on-year rises in both passenger and freight traffic on the network, ProRail developed a new 'Triple A' strategy to deliver a 50 percent increase in capacity, to be achieved via the adoption of smarter planning, the reorganisation of train services, and new construction works. In late 2008, the Ministry of Transport allocated €4.5 billion for a multi-year investment to introduce the Triple A strategy along several key railway corridors.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/article/159/facilitating-traffic-growth-in-the-netherlands-the-triple-a-strategy-approach/ |title = Facilitating traffic growth in the Netherlands: the 'Triple A' strategy approach |publisher = globalrailwayreview.com |date = 23 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/article/4200/triple-a-approach-tested-in-practice-gives-valuable-results/ |title = Triple A approach tested in practice gives valuable results |publisher = globalrailwayreview.com |date = 28 January 2010}}</ref> During the early 2010s, ProRail trialed high-frequency twin-track operations as a means of expanding capacity.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/article/8232/14-trains-per-hour-on-a-2-track-rail-section-the-dutch-prove-that-it-ispossible/ |title = 14 trains per hour on a 2-track rail section? The Dutch prove that it IS possible! |publisher = globalrailwayreview.com |date = 15 February 2011}}</ref>

Throughout the 2010s, ProRail has increasing the use of digital working practices and technologies throughout its operations; amongst other changes, various paper forms have been replaced with digital counterparts delivered via mobile devices.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.mendix.com/customer-stories/prorail/ |title = ProRail Uses Low-Code Automation to Deliver Reliable Transportation |publisher = mendix.com |access-date = 27 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://mp.nl/en/solution/prorail-and-mp-put-entire-dutch-railway-system-computational-model |title = ProRail and M+P put the entire Dutch railway system into a computational model |publisher = mp.nl |first = Ard |last = Kuijpers |access-date = 27 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.paconsulting.com/client-story/prorail-innovating-to-future-proof-the-dutch-rail-network |title = ProRail: Innovating to future-proof the Dutch rail network |publisher = paconsulting.com |access-date = 27 May 2023}}</ref> Trials of technology for various purposes, such as digital visual indicators of train occupancy, have been carried out.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.dandad.org/awards/professional/2014/digital-design/23017/nsprorail-improving-safety-and-comfort-on-train-platforms/ |title = NS/ProRail – Improving Safety and Comfort on Train Platform |publisher = dandad.org |date = 2014}}</ref> Continuous weather monitoring now routinely informs operations so that services can be reshaped where appropriate to minimise the impact of bad weather even prior to its arrival.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/article/140279/prorail-dealing-with-extreme-weather-conditions/ |title = How does ProRail deal with extreme weather conditions? |publisher = globalrailwayreview.com |first = Elliot |last = Robinson |date = 19 December 2022}}</ref> The organisation has also made use of [[digital twin]]s of key pieces of infrastructure to improve maintenance operations.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.esri.com/en-us/about/about-esri/europe/case-studies/netherlands-prorail |title = Case Study: The Netherlands: Improving Transport Infrastructure |publisher = esri.com |access-date = 27 May 2023}}</ref> In 2021, the ''ProRail Monitoring Platform'' (PMP) was revealed, which monitors the majority of infrastructure assets overseen by the organisation and it intended to enable the transition from condition-based monitoring to performing predictive maintenance, facilitating more efficient use of resources.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.aveva.com/en/perspectives/blog/prorail-optimizes-operations-in-one-of-the-worlds-busiest-railways/ |title = ProRail optimizes operations in one of the world's busiest railways |publisher = aveva.com |date = 16 April 2021 |first = Matt |last = Miller}}</ref>

In 2014, the organisation released a report on various scenarios for rolling out the next generation [[European Rail Traffic Management System]] (ERTMS) across the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2014/04/01/railway-map-ertms-version-3-0-memorandum-on-alternatives |title = Railway map ERTMS Version 3.0 – Memorandum on Alternatives |publisher = government.nl |date = 1 April 2014}}</ref> The Dutch government directed that digital railway signaling be rolled out nationwide; ProRail and NS have partnered to implement ERTMS and will initially focus upon retrofitting rolling stock for level 2 operations.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://ertms.be/members/prorail |title = PRORAIL, The Netherlands |publisher = ertms.be |access-date = 27 May 2023}}</ref> During March 2022, ProRail announced that the French company [[Thales Group]] had been selected to provide signaling apparatus, referred to as the Central Safety System (CSS), in support of the ERTMS rollout.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/transport/press_release/thales-selected-prorail-implement-its-ertms-central-safety-system |title = Thales is selected by ProRail to implement its ERTMS central safety system in Netherlands |publisher = [[Thales Group]] |date = 11 March 2022}}</ref> In September of that year, the multinational engineering firm [[Arcadis]] were contracted to provide engineering services for the rollout.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.arcadis.com/en-gb/news/global/2022/9/prorail-appoints-arcadis-to-support-safer-rail-travel-with-roll-out-of-ertms-in-the-netherlands |title = ProRail appoints Arcadis to support safer rail travel with roll out of ERTMS in the Netherlands |publisher = [[Arcadis]] |date = 1 September 2022}}</ref>

During June 2022, ProRail appealed to the Dutch government to [[subsidy|subsidise]] train operators of both passenger and freight services, noting that its charges has to comply with the European rules for consumer compensation, yet the sector would suffer due to double digit price rises.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.railtech.com/infrastructure/2022/06/06/prorail-to-plead-with-government-for-compensation-of-transport-operators/ |title = ProRail to plead with Dutch government for compensation of transport operators |publisher = railtech.com |first = Kenneth |last = Steffers |date = 6 June 2022}}</ref> In January 2023, figures released for 2022 showed that rail users had been subject to some of the worst performance statistics recorded in recent years in terms of delays and cancellations, which was in part attributable to [[strike action|strikes]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.iamexpat.nl/expat-info/dutch-expat-news/prorail-2022-was-one-worst-years-train-travel-netherlands |title = ProRail: 2022 was one of the worst years for train travel in the Netherlands |publisher = iamexpat.nl |first = Victoria |last = Séveno |date = 4 January 2023}}</ref> That same month, RailGood, an employers’ organisation representing the rail freight industry, publicly claimed that ProRail was letting down rail freight operators; specific complaints included increased infrastructure charges for 2023, which RailGood referred to "excessive", as well as allegations of mismanagement of the railway infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.railfreight.com/policy/2023/01/05/prorail-is-failing-the-dutch-rail-freight-sector-says-organization/ |title = ProRail is failing the Dutch rail freight sector, says organisation |publisher = |date = 5 January 2023}}</ref>