Editing Portugal (section)

== Etymology ==
The word ''Portugal'' derives from the combined [[Ancient Rome|Roman]]-[[Celtic languages|Celtic]] place name [[Portus Cale]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/portugal|title=Portugal – Origin and meaning of the name Portugal by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=Etymonline.com|access-date=25 January 2018|archive-date=20 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220050255/https://www.etymonline.com/word/portugal|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://agal-gz.org/faq/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=contributos-pgl:sobre_a_origem_e_significado_da_palavra_portugal.pdf|title=Origem e significado das palavras Portugal e Galiza|website=agal-gz.org|access-date=25 February 2023|archive-date=3 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203194424/http://agal-gz.org/faq/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=contributos-pgl:sobre_a_origem_e_significado_da_palavra_portugal.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> (present-day's [[conurbation]] of [[Porto]] and [[Vila Nova de Gaia]]). Porto stems from the Latin for [[port]], {{Lang|la|portus}}; ''Cale''{{'}}s meaning and origin is unclear. The mainstream explanation is an [[ethnonym]] derived from the Callaeci, also known as the [[Gallaeci]] peoples, who occupied the north-west of the [[Iberian Peninsula]].<ref name="Winicius">{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/31989410|title=Documentos danca portuguesa|first=Marcos|last=Winicius|via=academia.edu|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817085223/https://www.academia.edu/31989410|url-status=live}}</ref> One theory proposes ''Cale'' is a derivation of the Celtic word for 'port'.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=POGEbFpGHigC&q=celtic+cale+harbour&pg=RA1-PA270 |title=Celtic Linguistics |access-date=22 August 2010 |isbn=978-0-415-20479-8 |last1=Pezron |first1=Paul |date=2000 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |archive-date=10 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010145948/https://books.google.com/books?id=POGEbFpGHigC&q=celtic+cale+harbour&pg=RA1-PA270 |url-status=live }}</ref> Another is that ''Cala'' was a Celtic goddess. Some French scholars believe it may have come from {{Lang|la|Portus Gallus}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD8zAQAAMAAJ&q=portus+Gallus+etymologie+du+portugal&pg=PA441|title=Manuel géographique et statistique de l'Espagne et du Portugal ...|date=11 April 2018|publisher=Buisson|via=Google Books|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202203433/https://books.google.com/books?id=MD8zAQAAMAAJ&q=portus+Gallus+etymologie+du+portugal&pg=PA441#v=snippet&q=portus%20Gallus%20etymologie%20du%20portugal&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> the port of the Gauls.

Around 200 BC, the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] took Iberia from the [[Punic people|Carthaginians]] during the [[Second Punic War]]. In the process they conquered Cale, renaming it {{Lang|la|Portus Cale}} ('Port of Cale') and incorporating it into the province of [[Gallaecia]]. During the [[Middle Ages]], the region around Portus Cale became known by the [[Suebi]] and [[Visigoths]] as ''Portucale''. The name ''Portucale'' changed into ''Portugale'' during the 7th and 8th centuries, and by the 9th century, it was used to refer to the region between the rivers Douro and [[Minho River|Minho]]. By the 11th and 12th centuries, ''Portugale'', ''Portugallia'', ''Portvgallo'' or ''Portvgalliae'' was already referred to as ''Portugal''.