Editing Portland, Oregon (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of Portland, Oregon}}

{{For timeline|Timeline of Portland, Oregon}}

===Before European settlement===
During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland [[Missoula floods|was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams]] from [[Lake Missoula]], in what would later become Montana. These massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the [[Willamette Valley]] with {{convert|300|to|400|ft|m}} of water.{{Sfn|Allen|Burns|Sargent|2009|pages=175–89}}

Before American settlers began arriving in the 1800s, the land was inhabited for many centuries by two bands of indigenous [[Chinook people]]{{snd}}the [[Multnomah people|Multnomah]] and the [[Clackamas people|Clackamas]].{{sfn|Marschner|2008|p=187}} The Chinook people occupying the land were first documented [[Lewis and Clark Expedition|in 1805]] by [[Meriwether Lewis]] and [[William Clark]].<ref name="anderson"/> Before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast.<ref name="anderson">{{cite web|url=https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/article/214638|work=City of Portland Bureau of Planning and Sustainability|author=Anderson, Susan|year=2009|title=East Portland Historical Overview & Historic Preservation Study|access-date=October 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101195109/http://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/article/214638|archive-date=January 1, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Establishment===
[[File:1886 Pioneer Post Office.jpeg|thumb|[[Pioneer Courthouse]], 1886]]
[[File:Portland, Oregon 1890 Perspective Birds-eye-view Map.jpg|thumb|1890 map of Portland]]

Large numbers of pioneer settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1840s via the [[Oregon Trail]] with many arriving in nearby [[Oregon City, Oregon|Oregon City]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Year in Oregon, 1840–1869: A Narrative History (U.S. National Park Service)|url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/first-year-in-oregon-1840-1869-a-narrative-history.htm|access-date=August 25, 2022|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> A new settlement then emerged ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River,{{sfn|Scott|1890|p=61}} roughly halfway between Oregon City and [[Hudson's Bay Company]]'s [[Fort Vancouver]]. This community was initially referred to as "Stumptown" and "The Clearing" because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Orloff|first=Chet|year=2004|title=Maintaining Eden: John Charles Olmsted and the Portland Park System|journal=Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers|volume=66|pages=114–19|doi=10.1353/pcg.2004.0006|s2cid=129896123|issn=0066-9628}}</ref> In 1843 [[William Overton (Portland founder)|William Overton]] saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file an official land claim. For 25 cents, Overton agreed to share half of the {{convert|640|acre|km2|adj=on}} site with [[Asa Lovejoy]] of [[Boston]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=000128AC-3AC7-1E8B-891B80B0527200A7|work=Oregon History Project|title=Overton Cabin|access-date=October 29, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015811/http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=000128AC-3AC7-1E8B-891B80B0527200A7|archive-date=November 17, 2015}}</ref>

In 1844, Overton sold his remaining half of the claim to [[Francis W. Pettygrove]] of [[Portland, Maine]]. Both Pettygrove and Lovejoy wished to rename "The Clearing" after their respective hometowns (Lovejoy's being Boston, and Pettygrove's, Portland). This controversy was settled with a coin toss that Pettygrove won in a series of two out of three tosses, thereby providing Portland with its namesake.<ref name="naosum.org">{{cite web|title=Portland: The Town that was Almost Boston|publisher=National Association of Scientific Materials Managers|url=http://www.naosmm.org/confer/port-or/history.html|access-date=March 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727122038/http://www.naosmm.org/confer/port-or/history.html|archive-date=July 27, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The coin used for this decision, now known as the [[Portland Penny]], is on display in the headquarters of the [[Oregon Historical Society]]. At the time of its incorporation on February 8, 1851, Portland had over 800 inhabitants,<ref name="Gibson">Gibson, Campbell (June 1998). [https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/twps0027.html Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990]. ''U.S. Bureau of the Census – Population Division''.</ref> a steam sawmill, a log cabin hotel, and a newspaper, the ''[[The Oregonian|Weekly Oregonian]]''. [[Great Fire of 1873|A major fire swept through downtown in August 1873]], destroying twenty blocks on the west side of the Willamette along Yamhill and Morrison Streets, and causing $1.3 million in damage,{{sfn|Scott|1890|p=160}} roughly equivalent to ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|1300000|1873|r=-1}}}} today.{{Inflation-fn|US}} By 1879, the population had grown to 17,500 and by 1890 it had grown to 46,385.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Loy|first=William G.|author2=Stuart Allan|author3=Aileen R. Buckley|author4=James E. Meacham|title=Atlas of Oregon|publisher=[[University of Oregon Press]]|year=2001|pages=32–33|isbn=978-0-87114-101-9}}</ref> In 1888, the first steel bridge on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] was opened in Portland,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/auditor/index.cfm?a=284506&c=51811|work=Portland Online|title=Historical Timeline|access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref> the predecessor of the 1912 namesake [[Steel Bridge]] that survives today. In 1889, Henry Pittock's wife, Georgiana, established the Portland Rose Society. The annual Portland Rose Festival" is held here in June.<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Portland (Oregon) |volume=22 |page=121}}</ref> The movement to make Portland a "Rose City" started as the city was preparing for the 1905 [[Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition]].<ref name=":0" />

Portland's access to the [[Pacific Ocean]] via the Willamette and Columbia rivers, as well as its easy access to the agricultural [[Tualatin Valley]] via the "[[Canyon Road|Great Plank Road]]" (the route of current-day [[U.S. Route 26 in Oregon|U.S. Route 26]]), provided the pioneer city with an advantage over other nearby ports, and it grew very quickly.<ref>"City keeps lively pulse". (Spencer Heinz, ''The Oregonian'', January 23, 2001)</ref> Portland remained the major port in the Pacific Northwest for much of the 19th century, until the 1890s, when Seattle's deepwater harbor was connected to the rest of the mainland by rail, affording an inland route without the treacherous navigation of the Columbia River. The city had its own Japantown,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/nikkeialbum/albums/44/slide/|title=Portland's Japantown}}</ref> for one, and the [[lumber industry]] also became a prominent economic presence, due to the area's large population of [[Douglas fir]], [[western hemlock]], [[Thuja plicata|red cedar]], and [[Acer macrophyllum|big leaf maple]] trees.<ref name="anderson"/>

[[File:Portland, Oregon, in 1898 - Herbert A. Hale.jpg|thumb|right|Portland waterfront in 1898]]

Portland developed a reputation early in its history as a hard-edged and gritty [[port town]].{{sfn|John|2012|p=16}} Some historians have described the city's early establishment as being a "[[Lineal descendant|scion]] of [[New England]]; an ends-of-the-earth home for the exiled spawn of the eastern established elite."{{sfn|John|2012|p=10}} In 1889, ''[[The Oregonian]]'' called Portland "the most filthy city in the Northern States", due to the unsanitary sewers and gutters,<ref name="mac1885">{{cite book|last=MacColl|first=E. Kimbark|title=The Shaping of a City: Business and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1885 to 1915|publisher=The Georgian Press Company|location=Portland, Oregon|date=November 1976|oclc=2645815}}</ref> and, at the turn of the 20th century, it was considered one of the most dangerous port cities in the world.<ref name="kennedy">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/fodors/top/features/travel/destinations/unitedstates/oregon/portland/fdrs_feat_121_5.html?n=Top%2FFeatures%2FTravel%2FDestinations%2FUnited+States%2FOregon%2FPortland|work=The New York Times|title=The Shanghai Tunnels|author=Kennedy, Sarah|access-date=September 26, 2014}}</ref> The city housed a large number of saloons, [[bordello]]s, gambling dens, and boarding houses which were populated with miners after the [[California gold rush]], as well as the multitude of sailors passing through the port.{{sfn|John|2012|p=16}} By the early 20th century, the city had lost its reputation as a "sober frontier city" and garnered a reputation for being violent and dangerous.{{sfn|John|2012|p=16}}{{sfn|Chandler|2013}}

===20th-century development===
[[File:White Eagle Portland.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Hryszko Brothers Building|White Eagle Saloon]] (c. 1910), one of many in Portland that had reputed ties to illegal activities such as [[gambling]] rackets and [[prostitution]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Roos, Roy E.|date=January 8, 2010|title=The White Eagle Saloon|url=http://eliotneighborhood.org/2010/01/08/the-white-eagle-saloon/|access-date=October 30, 2015|work=Eliot Neighborhood}}</ref>]] [[File:Burnside in 1937 (8516830500).jpg|thumb|[[Burnside Street]], 1937]]

Between 1900 and 1930, the city's population tripled from nearly 100,000 to 301,815.<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|access-date=June 4, 2016|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> During [[World War II]], it housed an "assembly center" from which up to 3,676 people of Japanese descent were dispatched to [[Internment of Japanese Americans|internment camps]] in the heartland. It was the first American city to have residents report thus,<ref name=Pac>"'Return & Remembrance': In Commemoration of the 75th Anniversary of E.O. 9066," ''[[Pacific Citizen]],'' June 2–15, 2017, p. 4</ref> and the [[Pacific International Livestock Exposition]] operated from May through September 10, 1942, processing people from the city, northern Oregon, and [[central Washington]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Portland%20(detention%20facility)/|title=Portland (detention facility)|encyclopedia=[[Densho Encyclopedia]]}}</ref> General [[John L. DeWitt|John DeWitt]] called the city the first "Jap-free city on the West Coast".<ref name=Pac/>

At the same time, Portland became a notorious hub for underground criminal activity and [[organized crime]] in the 1940s and 1950s.<ref name="ellis">{{cite news|url=http://atomicredhead-media.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/Ellis-Portland-Vice1.pdf|title=Portland's Dirty Little Secret: How Vice and Corruption Held the Rose City in Its Clutches|author=Ellis, Janey|work=Oregon History|access-date=October 30, 2015|archive-date=January 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118095613/http://atomicredhead-media.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/Ellis-Portland-Vice1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1957, ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine published an article detailing the city's history of [[Political corruption|government corruption]] and crime, specifically its gambling rackets and illegal nightclubs.<ref name="ellis"/> The article, which focused on [[crime boss]] [[Jim Elkins (Oregon criminal)|Jim Elkins]], became the basis of a fictionalized film titled ''[[Portland Exposé]]'' (1957). In spite of the city's seedier undercurrent of criminal activity, Portland enjoyed an economic and industrial surge during World War II. Ship builder [[Henry J. Kaiser]] had been awarded contracts to build [[Liberty ship]]s and aircraft carrier escorts, and chose sites in Portland and [[Vancouver, Washington]], for work yards.<ref name="ohs2003toll">{{cite web|title=Home Front Boom|first=William|last=Toll|year=2003|url=http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/narratives/subtopic.cfm?subtopic_ID=213|publisher=[[Oregon Historical Society]]|access-date=October 30, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609021755/http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/narratives/subtopic.cfm?subtopic_ID=213|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> During this time, Portland's population rose by over 150,000, largely attributed to recruited laborers.<ref name="ohs2003toll"/>

During the 1960s, an influx of [[hippie]] subculture began to take root in the city in the wake of [[San Francisco]]'s burgeoning [[Counterculture|countercultural]] scene.<ref name="1960s">{{cite book|last1=Olsen|first1=Polina|url=https://archive.org/details/portlandin1960ss0000olse|title=Portland in the 1960s: Stories from the Counterculture|date=2012|publisher=The History Press|isbn=978-1-60949-471-1|location=Charleston, South Carolina|url-access=registration}}</ref> The city's [[Crystal Ballroom (Portland, Oregon)|Crystal Ballroom]] became a hub for the city's [[psychedelic culture]], while [[food cooperative]]s and listener-funded media and radio stations were established.<ref name="60s">{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/century/1960_index.html|work=Oregon Live|title=The 1960s|series=An Oregon Century|access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref> A large [[social activism|social activist]] presence evolved during this time as well, specifically concerning [[Native American rights]], [[environmentalism|environmentalist]] causes, and [[gay rights]].<ref name="60s"/> By the 1970s, Portland had well established itself as a progressive city, and experienced an economic boom for the majority of the decade; however, the slowing of the housing market in 1979 caused demand for the city and state timber industries to drop significantly.<ref name="70s">{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/century/1970_index.html|work=Oregon Live|title=The 1970s|series=An Oregon Century|access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref>

===Since 1990===
[[File:Portland OR aerial.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Portland and its bridges across the Willamette River]]
In the 1990s, the technology industry began to emerge in Portland, specifically with the establishment of companies such as [[Intel]], which brought more than [[US$]]10 billion in investments in 1995 alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/century/1990_index.html|title=The 1990s|series=An Oregon Century|access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref> In the late 1990s, the Portland area was rated the fourth-least affordable place in the United States to purchase a new home.<ref>Barone, Michael, and Grant Ujifusa.  ''The Almanac of American Politics 2000''.  National Journal, 1999.</ref> After 2000, Portland experienced significant growth, with a population rise of over 90,000 between the years 2000 and 2014.<ref name="USCensusEst2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014|access-date=June 4, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523034651/https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html|archive-date=May 23, 2015}}</ref> The city's increasing reputation for culture established it as a popular city for young people, and it was second only to [[Louisville, Kentucky]], as one of the cities to attract and retain the highest number of college-educated people in the United States.<ref name="miller">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/21/magazine/will-portland-always-be-a-retirement-community-for-the-young.html|work=The New York Times|title=Will Portland Always Be a Retirement Community for the Young?|author=Miller, Clair Cane|date=September 16, 2014|access-date=November 6, 2015}}</ref> Between 2001 and 2012, Portland's gross domestic product per person grew by fifty percent, more than any other city in the country.<ref name="miller"/>

The city acquired a [[Nicknames of Portland, Oregon|diverse range of nicknames]] throughout its history, though it is most often called "Rose City" or "The City of Roses"<ref name="cityrecorder">{{cite web|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/auditor/index.cfm?a=jbgc&c=cheid|title=City Flower|publisher=City of Portland Auditor's Office – City Recorder Division|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423075247/http://www.portlandonline.com/auditor/index.cfm?a=jbgc&c=cheid|archive-date=April 23, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> (unofficial nickname since 1888, official since 2003).<ref name="Oreg-June2003">Stern, Henry (June 19, 2003). "Name comes up roses for P-town: City Council sees no thorns in picking 'City of Roses' as Portland's moniker". ''The Oregonian''</ref> Another widely used nickname by local residents in everyday speech is "PDX", the airport code for [[Portland International Airport]]. Other nicknames include Bridgetown,<ref name="bridgetown">{{cite web|publisher=[[Portland State University]]|title=The Water|url=http://www.pdx.edu/water.html|access-date=November 7, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031090707/http://www.pdx.edu/water.html|archive-date=October 31, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> Stumptown,<ref name="endoftheoregontrail">{{cite web|publisher=End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center|title=From Robin's Nest to Stumptown|url=http://www.historicoregoncity.org/index.php/widgetkit/oregon-trail-history/item/early-towns-and-cities|date=February 1, 2013|access-date=March 7, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512161747/http://www.historicoregoncity.org/index.php/widgetkit/oregon-trail-history/item/early-towns-and-cities|archive-date=May 12, 2013}}</ref> Rip City,<ref>{{Cite news|first=Nena|last=Baker|title=R.I.P. FOR 'Rip City' Ruckus|date=May 21, 1991|newspaper=The Oregonian|pages=A01}}</ref> Soccer City,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Seeking Help to Bring an M.L.S. Team to Portland|first=Richard|last=Sandomir|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/07/sports/soccer/07franchise.html?ref=soccer|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 6, 2008|access-date=June 22, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Portland Timbers show bark, bite as they prepare to join MLS|first=Beau|last=Dure|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/2009-08-25-portland-timbers_N.htm|newspaper=USA Today|location=McLean, Virginia|date=August 26, 2009|access-date=June 22, 2010}}</ref> P-Town,<ref name="Oreg-June2003" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Hagestedt|first=Andre|title=The Missing Oregon Coast: Waves After Dark|url=http://www.beachconnection.net/news/missin040709_147.php|access-date=April 30, 2009|date=April 7, 2009|quote=I'm used to seeing that hint of dawn back in P-town, with my wretched habit of playing video games until 6 a.m}}</ref> Portlandia, and the more antiquated Little Beirut.<ref name="STAP">{{cite news|last=McCall|first=William|date=August 19, 2003|title='Little Beirut' nickname has stuck|url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20030819/protests19e/portland-police-activists-get-ready-for-bushs-visit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131323/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20030819&slug=protests19e|archive-date=January 17, 2018|access-date=September 16, 2013|url-status=live|agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

====2020 George Floyd protests====
{{Main|George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon}} {{See also|2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States#Activities in Portland, Oregon}}
[[File:George Floyd police brutality protests - Portland Oregon - July 22 - tedder - 02.jpg|thumb|right|George Floyd protests at the [[Mark O. Hatfield United States Courthouse|Mark O. Hatfield Courthouse]], July 2020]]

From May 28, 2020, until spring 2021,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baker|first1=Mike|title=After Nearly a Year of Unrest, Portland Leaders Pursue a Crackdown|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/us/portland-protests-mayor-ted-wheeler.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/us/portland-protests-mayor-ted-wheeler.html|archive-date=December 28, 2021|url-access=limited|access-date=May 2, 2021|work=The New York Times|date=April 27, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> there were daily [[protest]]s about the [[murder of George Floyd]] by police, and racial injustice. There were instances of looting, vandalism, and police actions causing injuries. One protestor was killed by an opposing one.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vice|first=Staff|date=September 23, 2020|title=Man Linked to Killing at a Portland Protest Says He Acted in Self-Defense|publisher=Vice|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/man-linked-to-killing-at-a-portland-protest-says-he-acted-in-self-defense/|access-date=September 23, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Evans|first=Robert|date=July 20, 2020|title=What You Need To Know About The Battle of Portland|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2020/07/20/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-battle-of-portland/|work=[[Bellingcat]]|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hughes|first1=Trevor|title=Portland police declare riot as demonstrators attack fence outside federal courthouse|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/07/26/portland-protests-police-declare-riot-violence-grows/5513752002/|access-date=August 2, 2020|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=July 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kavanaugh|first1=Shane|title=Man knifed in back at Portland protest: 'I was stabbed for being a conservative journalist'|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2020/07/man-knifed-in-back-at-portland-protest-i-was-stabbed-for-being-a-conservative-journalist.html|access-date=August 2, 2020|newspaper=[[The Oregonian]]|date=July 30, 2020}}</ref> Local businesses reported losses totaling millions of dollars as the result of vandalism and looting, according to [[Oregon Public Broadcasting]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=VanderHart|first1=Dirk|last2=Levinson|first2=Jonathan|last3=Ellis|first3=Rebecca|last4=Orr|first4=Donald|date=May 31, 2020|title=As Protests Continue, Civic Leaders Confront Crowds And Oregon's Racist History|publisher=Oregon Public Broadcasting|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/black-lives-matter-rallies-portland-civic-leader-confront-protests-oregon-racist-history/|access-date=June 1, 2020|archive-date=June 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603041011/https://www.opb.org/news/article/black-lives-matter-rallies-portland-civic-leader-confront-protests-oregon-racist-history/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some protests caused injury to protesters and police. In July, federal officers were deployed to safeguard federal property; their presence and tactics were criticized by Oregon officials, who demanded they leave, while lawsuits were filed against local and federal law enforcement alleging wrongful actions by them.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Green|first=Aimee|date=June 10, 2020|title=Portland now faces 8 lawsuits seeking an end to tear gas, rubber bullets, explosives at protests|work=The Oregonian|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2020/06/portland-now-faces-8-lawsuits-seeking-an-end-to-tear-gas-rubber-bullets-explosives-at-protests.html|url-status=dead|access-date=August 2, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801162535/https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2020/06/portland-now-faces-8-lawsuits-seeking-an-end-to-tear-gas-rubber-bullets-explosives-at-protests.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Ellis|first=Rebecca|date=July 17, 2020|title=ACLU Adds Federal Agencies To Lawsuit Against Portland Police|work=Oregon Public Broadcasting|url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/oregon-aclu-federal-law-enforcement-portland-police-lawsuit/|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=July 17, 2020|title=Oregon AG files lawsuit against federal agencies for violating Oregonians' civil rights|work=KGW|url=https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/oregon-attorney-general-files-lawsuit-against-federal-agencies-for-violating-oregonians-civil-rights/283-1ab1070e-3510-46f6-8987-8982f939117c|access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Flanigan|first=Kaitlin|date=July 27, 2020|title=Lawsuit: Trump using feds in Portland to create national police force|url=https://www.koin.com/news/protests/lawsuit-trump-using-feds-in-portland-to-create-national-police-force/|access-date=August 2, 2020|newspaper=Koin.com|archive-date=March 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311174156/https://www.koin.com/news/protests/lawsuit-trump-using-feds-in-portland-to-create-national-police-force/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On May 25, 2021, a protest to commemorate the one-year anniversary of Floyd's murder caused property damage, and was followed by a number of arrests.<ref>{{cite web|title=Police declare riot in Portland as protesters mark 1 year since George Floyd's death|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/police-declare-riot-portland-protesters-mark-year-george/story?id=77910797|access-date=May 26, 2021|publisher=ABC News|location=United States}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Riot declared in downtown Portland, police arrest 5 people|url=https://www.kptv.com/news/riot-declared-in-downtown-portland-police-arrest-5-people/article_f42ac0c0-bddc-11eb-bac6-63e22fc82b3a.html|access-date=May 26, 2021|website=KPTV.com|archive-date=November 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101101733/https://www.kptv.com/news/riot-declared-in-downtown-portland-police-arrest-5-people/article_f42ac0c0-bddc-11eb-bac6-63e22fc82b3a.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>