Editing Port Angeles, Washington (section)

==History==
{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2019}}
This area was long occupied by succeeding cultures of [[indigenous people]]s. In 1791, the harbor was entered by Spanish explorer {{lang|es|[[Francisco de Eliza]]|italics=no}}, who named it {{lang|es|Puerto de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles}} (Port of Our Lady of the Angels), claiming it for Spain. He was on an expedition from southern California. This name was shortened to the current one of Port Angeles.

It was not until the 19th century that European Americans began to settle here. A small whaling, fishing and shipping village developed, which traded with [[Victoria, British Columbia]]. In 1856–57, the first settlers arrived and were followed by the Cherbourg Land Company in 1859.

Soon afterwards the site caught the attention of Victor Smith. Smith, a protege of [[Salmon Chase]], was Collector of Customs for the Puget Sound District. He quickly gained approval to relocate the [[United States Customs Service|U.S. Customs]] [[port of entry]] for [[Washington Territory]] from [[Port Townsend, Washington|Port Townsend]] to Port Angeles. With Chase's support, he also succeeded in getting President [[Abraham Lincoln]] to designate {{convert|3520.|acre}} at Port Angeles as a federal reserve for lighthouse, military and naval purposes. 
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers platted a federal town site on the reserve land, laying out the street plan which still exists today. The fact that [[Washington, D.C.]], was the only other city officially laid out by the federal government led the U.S. Board of Trade in 1890 to dub Port Angeles the "Second National City." Settlers soon followed slowly, but Smith's death in the sinking of the ''[[Brother Jonathan (steamer)|Brother Jonathan]]'' led to the loss of interest in the area. The Port of Entry was returned to Port Townsend and the area sank into obscurity until the 1880s.
[[File:McKinley Paper Company Port Angeles.jpg|thumb|The McKinley Paper Company plant in Port Angeles]]
In 1884, a hotel was built and the trading post was expanded into the area's first general store. A wharf was soon built upon the site where the current ferry pier stands. A village of 300 in 1886, Port Angeles' population grew to 3,000 by 1890. Hundreds of its new residents were part of the [[Puget Sound Cooperative Colony]], which was established in 1887 and built several of the settlement's first permanent civic facilities, including a sawmill, church, office building, and [[opera house]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Henson |first=Jack |date=June 16, 1962 |title=Colony important in growth of Port Angeles |page=I2 |work=Port Angeles Evening News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30551008/colony_important_in_growth_of_port/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=April 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430055410/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30551008/colony_important_in_growth_of_port/ |archive-date=April 30, 2019 |url-status=live }} {{free access}}</ref> The town was incorporated on June 11, 1890, and was named the [[county seat]] of Clallam County later that year.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Port Angeles |url=https://www.cityofpa.us/399/History |publisher=City of Port Angeles |access-date=April 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413054459/https://www.cityofpa.us/399/History |archive-date=April 13, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> A depression a few years later was weathered and the town continued to grow into the new century. In 1914, large-scale logging began with construction of a large mill and a railway connecting the hinterlands to the mill. Other mills were soon built and the lumber and pulp mills supported the economy of the area until well into the century.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

Tourism became increasingly important as the growing national affluence, and especially the 1961 opening of the Hood Canal Bridge that cut driving time from the populated central Puget Sound region, brought more visitors drawn by the mountains, rivers, and rainforest of Olympic National Park and by fishing and boating along the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The mills began to close in the 1970s and 1980s until only one pulp mill remained in operation; the [[Rayonier]] specialty pulp mill was shuttered in&nbsp;1997.<ref name=pmpclos>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Zs0qAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iNAFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6492%2C1841457 |work=Moscow-Pullman Daily News |location=(Idaho-Washington) |agency=Associated Press |title=Pulp mill closing; 365 jobs at stake |date=October 22, 1996 |page=4A}}</ref>

In August 2003, a $275 million construction project known as the Graving Dock Project was started in Port Angeles near the water as part of the [[Hood Canal Bridge]] east-half replacement project. It was intended to construct an area for anchoring pontoons for the bridge.<ref name="wstc">[http://www.wstc.wa.gov/PolicyPlanning/TPAB/HCBFinalReport.pdf ''Review of Port Angeles Graving Dock Project''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221193711/http://wstc.wa.gov/PolicyPlanning/TPAB/HCBFinalReport.pdf |date=December 21, 2016 }}, Report 06-8, June 30, 2006</ref> During construction, human remains and artifacts were discovered. This site was found to be the "largest prehistoric Indian village and burial ground found in the United States," according to a senior archaeologist for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in Seattle. The archeology site also included Native American burials of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.<ref name="wstc"/>

Archeologists were called in to conduct a professional excavation. They found about 300 graves and 785 pieces of human bones, in addition to numerous ritual and ceremonial Indian artifacts of the former [[Tse-whit-zen]] village of the federally recognized [[Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe]]. This site had appeared to have been continuously occupied for thousands of years; some of the remains date back at least 8,000 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/legendary-creation-site-discovered-by-lower-elwha-klallam-tribe-7627|title=Legendary 'Creation Site' Discovered by Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe &#124; International Rivers|access-date=May 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529130244/https://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/legendary-creation-site-discovered-by-lower-elwha-klallam-tribe-7627|archive-date=May 29, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Because of the significance of the site for Native American history, in December 2004, the graving dock project was abandoned.<ref name="wstc"/>

Many of the graves uncovered appeared to hold entire families, who seemed to have died suddenly. Archeologists speculate that this could have been the result of [[pandemics]] of [[smallpox]] and other infectious illnesses. These caused massive death tolls among Native American populations in 1780 and 1835, as they had no acquired [[immunity (medical)|immunity]]. [[Infectious diseases]] contracted from interactions with European fur traders are believed to have killed about 90 percent of the people living in the Northwest before European American settlement of the area.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

In 2016, Port Angeles installed two street signs in English and [[Klallam language|Klallam]] to revitalize and preserve the area's [[Klallam people|Klallam]] culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/education/native-education/bilingual-street-signs-herald-a-new-era-of-language-revitalization/|title=Bilingual Street Signs Herald a New Era of Language Revitalization|date=February 29, 2016|access-date=February 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207113113/https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/education/native-education/bilingual-street-signs-herald-a-new-era-of-language-revitalization/|archive-date=February 7, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>