Editing Pope John XXIII (section)

==Early life==
[[File:Young Pope John XXIII.jpg|thumb|The young Roncalli]]
Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was born on 25 November 1881 in [[Sotto il Monte Giovanni XXIII|Sotto il Monte]], a small country village in the [[Province of Bergamo|Bergamo province]] of the [[Lombardy]] region of [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]. He was the eldest son of Giovanni Battista Roncalli (1854–1935) and his wife Marianna Giulia Mazzola (1855–1939), and fourth in a family of thirteen. His siblings were:<ref>Journal of a Soul, Pope John XXIII, tr. Dorothy White, Geoffrey Chapman (a Continuum imprint), 1965 (2000), p. xxxv, "Chronology 1881–1963"</ref>
* Maria Caterina (1877–1883)
* Teresa (1879–1954), who married Michele Ghisleni in 1899
* Ancilla (1880–1953)
* Francesco Saverio (1883–1976), who married Maria Carrara in 1907
* Maria Elisa (1884–1955)
* Assunta Casilda (1886–1980),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19800326&id=CFdOAAAAIBAJ&pg=2999,2948285|title=Spokane Daily Chronicle |via=Google News Archive Search}}</ref> who married Giovanni Battista Marchesi in 1907
* Domenico Giuseppe (1888–1888)
* Alfredo (1889–1972)
* Giovanni Francesco (1891–1956), who married Caterina Formenti in 1919
* Enrica (1893–1918)
* Giuseppe Luigi (1894–1981),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19800326&id=CFdOAAAAIBAJ&pg=2999,2948285|title=Spokane Daily Chronicle - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com}}</ref> who married Ida Biffi in 1922
* Luigi (1896–1898)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20000903_john-xxiii_en.html |title=Pope John XXIII |place=[[Rome]], [[Italy|IT]] |publisher=Vatican |access-date=12 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804232501/https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20000903_john-xxiii_en.html |archive-date=4 August 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EGymkVOEJIsC&pg=PA337 |title=Jean XXIII |access-date=12 September 2010|isbn=978-2-7010-0404-4|year=1970|last1=Kerdreux |first1=Michel de|publisher=Editions Beauchesne }}</ref>

His family worked as [[Sharecropping|sharecroppers]], as did most of the people of Sotto il Monte – a striking contrast to that of his predecessor, Eugenio Pacelli ([[Pope Pius XII]]), who came from a family established in senior roles in the Papal administration. Roncalli was nonetheless a descendant of an Italian noble family, albeit from a secondary and impoverished branch;<ref>{{Citation |title=Armas e Troféus |trans-title=Arms & trophies |language=pt |place=[[Portugal|PT]] |publisher=Instituto Português de Heráldica |year=1990s}}</ref> "(he) derived from no mean origins but from worthy and respected folk who can be traced right back to the beginning of the fifteenth century." The Roncallis maintained a vineyard and cornfields and kept cattle.<ref>Journal of a Soul, Pope John XXIII, tr. Dorothy White, Geoffrey Chapman (a Continuum imprint), 1965 (2000), pp. 409–410</ref>

In 1889, Roncalli received both his [[First Communion]] and [[Confirmation in the Catholic Church|Confirmation]] at the age of 8.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.vatican.va/special/canonizzazione-27042014/documents/biografia_gxxiii_canonizzazione_en.html|title=Biography of John XXIII|publisher=Holy See|access-date= 28 April 2014}}</ref>

On 1 March 1896, Luigi Isacchi, the spiritual director of his seminary, enrolled him into the [[Secular Franciscan Order]]. He professed his vows as a member of that order on 23 May 1897.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/libretti/2014/20140427-libretto-canonizzazione.pdf|title=Rito della Canonizzazione e Celebrazione Eucaristica|trans-title=Rite of Canonization and Eucharistic Celebration|language=it|publisher=Holy See|access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref>

In 1904, Roncalli completed his [[Doctor of Canon Law|doctorate in canon law]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saint-mike.org/library/papal_library/johnxxiii/biography.html |type=biography |title=Pope John XXIII |work=The Papal Library |publisher=Saint Mike |access-date=23 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203064434/http://www.saint-mike.org/library/papal_library/johnxxiii/biography.html |archive-date=3 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[Presbyter|priest]] in the [[Santa Maria in Montesanto (Rome)|Church of Santa Maria in Montesanto]] in [[Piazza del Popolo]] in Rome on 10 August. Shortly after that, while still in Rome, Roncalli was taken to [[Saint Peter's Basilica]] to meet [[Pope Pius X]]. After this, he would return to his town to celebrate Mass for the Assumption.<ref>{{Citation |first=Peter |last=Hebblethwaite |title=John XXIII, Pope of the Council |edition=  rev |publisher=Harper Collins |place=Glasgow |year=1994 |page=46}}</ref>

===Priesthood===
In 1905, [[Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi]], the new [[Bishop of Bergamo]], appointed Roncalli as his secretary. Roncalli worked for Radini-Tedeschi until the bishop's death on 22&nbsp;August 1914, two days after the death of Pius X. Radini-Tedeschi's last words to Roncalli were "Angelo, pray for peace". The death of Radini-Tedeschi had a deep effect on Roncalli.<ref>{{Citation |first=Peter |last=Hebblethwaite |title=John XXIII, Pope of the Council |edition=rev |publisher=Harper Collins |place=Glasgow |year=1994 |pages=76–77}}</ref> During this period Roncalli was also a lecturer in the diocesan [[seminary]] in [[Bergamo]].

During [[World War I]], Roncalli was drafted into the [[Royal Italian Army]] as a [[sergeant]], serving in the medical corps as a stretcher-bearer and as a [[Military Chaplain|chaplain]]. After being honorably discharged from the army in early 1919, he was named [[Spiritual direction|spiritual director]] of the seminary.<ref>{{cite web|work=Liturgy |url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20000903_john-xxiii_en.html |type=news |title=Pope John XXIII |publisher=Vatican |place=Rome, IT |date=3 September 2000 |access-date=23 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605050817/https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20000903_john-xxiii_en.html |archive-date=5 June 2013}}</ref> On 7 May 1921, Roncalli was appointed a [[Prelate of Honour of His Holiness|Domestic Prelate of His Holiness]], which gave him the title of ''[[Monsignor]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-13-1921-ocr.pdf|title=SEGRETARIA DI STATO |trans-title=SECRETARIAT OF STATE |journal=Acta Apostolicae Sedis - Commentarium Officiale |department=Diarium Romanae Curiae |date=1 June 1921|volume=XIII |issue=7 |page=277 |language=it |access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref> On 6 November, he travelled to Rome where he was scheduled to meet the Pope. After their meeting, [[Pope Benedict XV]] appointed him as the Italian president of the [[Society for the Propagation of the Faith]]. Roncalli would recall Benedict XV as being the most sympathetic of the popes he had met.<ref>{{Citation |first=Peter |last=Hebblethwaite |title=John XXIII, Pope of the Council |edition=rev |publisher=Harper Collins |place=Glasgow |year=1994 |page=96}}</ref>