Editing Pope John XXII (section)

== Early life and election ==
Born in 1244, Jacques was the son of Arnaud Duèze,{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=161}} who was probably a {{lang|fr|[[Cahorsin]]}} merchant or banker.{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=162}} He studied [[canon law]] at [[University of Montpellier|Montpellier]] and theology in [[University of Paris|Paris]].{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=163}} Jacques taught civil law at Cahors and later canon law at [[Toulouse]].{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=164}} By 1295, he was counselor to Bishop [[Louis of Toulouse]].{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=164}} Following Louis's death in 1297, Jacques was installed as the temporary chancellor of the University of Avignon and by 1299 was canon of Puy.{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=165}} On the recommendation of [[Charles II of Naples]] he was made Bishop of [[Fréjus]] in 1300.{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=165}} Jacques was still bishop of Fréjus when in 1307, a knight named William d'Arcis and a priest named Bertrand Recordus attempted to kill him.{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=166}} Both were imprisoned and in 1309 were sentenced to death.{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=166}}

In 1308, Jacques was appointed chancellor of Charles II,{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=165}} and it was due to his influence that the gladiatorial games in Naples were banned.{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=167}} On 18 March 1310, he was made Bishop of Avignon.{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=168}} He delivered legal opinions favorable to the suppression of the [[Knights Templar|Templars]], but he also defended Boniface VIII and the Bull ''Unam Sanctam''. On 23 December 1312, Clement V made him Cardinal-Bishop of [[Suburbicarian Diocese of Porto e Santa Rufina|Porto-Santa Rufina]].{{sfn|Weakland|1972|p=170}}

The limits of papal power became a source of conflict between reigning pope [[Pope Clement V|Clement V]] and [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Henry VII]], culminating with the sudden death of Pope Clement V in 1314.{{sfn|Rowell|1994|pp=1–2}} The period that followed was an [[interregnum]] of two years due to disagreements between the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]],{{sfn|Burnham|2008|p=40}} who were split into three factions.{{sfn|Levillain|2002|p=848}} After two years of inaction, [[Philip V of France|Philip, Count of Poitiers]] summoned a [[Papal conclave, 1314–1316|papal conclave]] of 23 cardinals to Lyon in August 1316.{{sfn|Menache|1998|p=280}} Philip forbade the cardinals from leaving until they had chosen a new Pope.{{sfn|Menache|1998|p=280}} On 7 August 1316, this conclave elected Jacques, who took the name John XXII and was crowned in Lyon.{{sfn|Rollo-Koster|2015|p=45}} He set up his residence in Avignon rather than Rome, continuing the [[Avignon Papacy]] of his predecessor.{{sfn|Pluger|2005|p=144}}