Editing Pope Clement IX (section)

==Biography==

===Early life and education===
Giulio Rospigliosi was born in 1600 to the [[Rospigliosi family]], a noble family of [[Pistoia]] in the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]] to Giacomo and Caterina Rospigliosi. He studied at the [[Pontifical Roman Major Seminary|Seminario Romano]] and later at the [[University of Pisa]] as a pupil of the [[Jesuits]], receiving doctorates in theology, philosophy and both canon and civil law in 1623. After receiving his doctorates, he taught theology there as a professor from 1623 to 1625.

===Episcopate and cardinalate===
Later Rospigliosi worked closely with [[Pope Urban VIII]] (1623–1644) where he worked in the [[Holy See|diplomatic corps]] as the Referendary of the [[Apostolic Signatura]]. He was appointed as the Titular Archbishop of Tarsus in 1644 and later received [[episcopal consecration]] in the Vatican. Rospigliosi also served as the [[Apostolic Nuncio to Spain]] from 1644 until 1653 when he decided to retire from that post. He lived in retirement throughout the pontificate of [[Pope Innocent X]] who disliked and distanced himself from those associated with his predecessor.<ref name=Loughlin>{{cite web| url = http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04028a.htm| title = Loughlin, James. "Pope Clement IX". ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 9 Sept. 2014}}</ref> He was also made vicar of [[Santa Maria Maggiore]] in [[Rome]].

Rospigliosi was an accomplished man of letters who wrote poetry, dramas and [[libretti]], as well as what may be the first [[comic opera]], namely his 1637 libretto ''[[Chi soffre, speri]]''.<ref>[[Roger Parker]] (ed.): ''The Oxford illustrated history of opera''. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1994, p. 18 f.</ref><ref>Wolfgang Witzenmann: Article “Mazzocchi, Virgilio.” In: ''Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online.'' Oxford University Press, accessed July 6, 2016.</ref> He was also a patron of [[Nicolas Poussin]], commissioning ''[[A Dance to the Music of Time (painting)|A Dance to the Music of Time]]'' from him and dictating its iconography.

[[Pope Alexander VII]] appointed him to the cardinalate in 1657 as the Cardinal-Priest of [[San Sisto Vecchio]] and was also appointed as the [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] in 1655 which he held until 1667.<ref name=Loughlin/>