Editing Pope Adrian I (section)

==Start of papacy==
Shortly after Adrian's accession in 772, the territory ruled by the papacy was invaded by [[Desiderius]], king of the [[Lombards]], and Adrian was compelled to seek the assistance of the [[Franks|Frankish]] king [[Charlemagne]], who entered Italy with a large army. Charlemagne besieged Desiderius in his capital of [[Pavia]]. After taking the town, he banished the Lombard king to the [[Abbey of Corbie]] in [[France]], and adopted the title "King of the Lombards" himself. The pope, whose expectations had been aroused, had to content himself with some additions to the [[Duchy of Rome]], the [[Exarchate of Ravenna]], and the [[Duchy of the Pentapolis|Pentapolis]] in the [[Marches]],<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Adrian (popes)|display=Adrian|volume=1|page=215}}</ref> which consisted of the "five cities" on the [[Adriatic]] coast from [[Rimini]] to [[Ancona]] with the coastal plain as far as the mountains. He celebrated the occasion by striking the earliest papal coin,<ref>{{cite book |first=Stanley |last=Lane-Poole |title=Coins and medals: their place in history and art |publisher=British Museum |year=1885 |page=80 }}</ref> and in a mark of the direction the mediaeval papacy was to take, no longer dated his documents by the Emperor in the east, but by the reign of Charles, king of the Franks.<ref>{{cite book |first=Walter |last=Ullmann| author-link = Walter Ullmann|title=A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Age |year=2003 |location=London |publisher=Routledge |page=79 |isbn=978-0415302272 }}</ref> He recognized the authority of Pope Adrian I, and in return the pope gave Charlemagne the title of "Patrician of Rome".

A mark of such newly settled conditions in the Duchy of Rome is the ''[[Domusculta Capracorum]]'', the central [[Roman villa]] that Adrian assembled from a nucleus of his inherited estates and acquisitions from neighbors in the countryside north of [[Veii]]. The villa is documented in ''[[Liber Pontificalis]]'', but its site was not rediscovered until the 1960s, when excavations revealed the structures on a gently-rounded hill that was only marginally capable of self-defense, but fully self-sufficient for a mixed economy of grains and [[vineyard]]s, [[olive]]s, vegetable gardens and piggery with its own grain mill, smithies and [[tile-kiln]]s. During the 10th century, villages were carved out of Adrian's Capracorum estate: [[Campagnano di Roma|Campagnano]], mentioned first in 1076; [[Formello]], mentioned in 1027; [[Mazzano Romano|Mazzano]], mentioned in 945; and Stabia (modern [[Faleria]]), mentioned in 998.<ref>{{cite journal |first=J. B. |last=Ward-Perkins |title=Etruscan Towns, Roman Roads and Medieval Villages: The Historical Geography of Southern Etruria |journal=[[The Geographical Journal]] |volume=128 |issue=4 |year=1962 |pages=389–404 [p. 402] |jstor=1792035 |doi= 10.2307/1792035|bibcode=1962GeogJ.128..389W }}</ref>