Editing Pop art (section)

==Origins==
[[File:NY Met demuth figure 5 gold.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Charles Demuth]], ''[[I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold]]'' 1928, collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City]] ]]
The origins of pop art in North America developed differently from those in Great Britain.<ref name="ages" /> In the United States, pop art emerged as a reaction by artists; it marked a return to [[Hard-edge painting|hard-edged]] composition and [[Representation (arts)|representational art]]. The artists employed impersonal, mundane reality, [[irony]], and [[parody]] to "defuse" the personal symbolism and "[[painterly]] looseness" of [[abstract expressionism]].<ref name="iha" /><ref name="high">[[Adam Gopnik|Gopnik, A.]]; [[Kirk Varnedoe|Varnedoe, K.]], ''High & Low: Modern Art & Popular Culture'', New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1990</ref> In the U.S., some works by [[Larry Rivers]], [[Alex Katz]] and [[Man Ray]] anticipated pop art.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/alex-katz-is-cooler-than-ever-34462293/ |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places &#124; Smithsonian |website=Smithsonianmag.com |access-date=2015-12-30}}</ref>

By contrast, the origins of pop art in [[post-war]] Britain, while employing irony and parody, were more academic. British artists focused on the dynamic and paradoxical imagery of American [[popular culture|pop culture]] as powerful, manipulative symbolic devices that were affecting whole patterns of life, while simultaneously improving the prosperity of a society.<ref name="high" /> Early pop art in Britain was a matter of ideas fueled by [[American popular culture]] ''when viewed from afar''.<ref name="iha" /> Similarly, pop art was both an extension and a repudiation of [[Dadaism]].<ref name="iha" /> While pop art and Dadaism explored some of the same subjects, pop art replaced the destructive, satirical, and anarchic impulses of the Dada movement with a detached affirmation of the artifacts of mass culture.<ref name="iha" /> Among those artists in Europe seen as producing work leading up to pop art are: [[Pablo Picasso]], [[Marcel Duchamp]], and [[Kurt Schwitters]].

===Proto-pop===
Although both British and American pop art began during the 1950s, [[Marcel Duchamp]] and others in Europe like [[Francis Picabia]] and [[Man Ray]] predate the movement; in addition there were some earlier American ''proto-pop'' origins which utilized "as found" cultural objects.<ref name="iha">Piper, David. ''The Illustrated History of Art'', {{ISBN|0-7537-0179-0}}, p486-487.</ref> During the 1920s, American artists [[Patrick Henry Bruce]], [[Gerald Murphy]], [[Charles Demuth]] and [[Stuart Davis (painter)|Stuart Davis]] created paintings that contained pop culture imagery (mundane objects culled from American commercial products and advertising design), almost "prefiguring" the pop art movement.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/artworld/2007/08/06/070806craw_artworld_schjeldahl |title=Modern Love |magazine=The New Yorker |date=2007-08-06 |access-date=2015-12-30}}</ref><ref>Wayne Craven, ''American Art: History and .'' p.464.</ref>