Editing Polk County, Tennessee (section)

==History==
Prior to the settlement of the Europeans, Polk County was inhabited by the Cherokee, and before them, thousands of years of indigenous cultures. The portion of Polk County north of the [[Hiwassee River]] was ceded by the [[Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)|Cherokee Nation]] to the US in the [[Calhoun Treaty of 1819]]. The rest of the county was part of the Ocoee District. The Cherokee were [[Cherokee removal|forcibly removed]] from here in 1838-1839 and taken to [[Indian Territory]], in a passage that became known as the [[Trail of Tears]].<ref name=tehc/>

Polk County was created by an act of the [[Tennessee General Assembly]] on November 23, 1839. The location for the county seat of Benton was chosen by an election held on February 4, 1840.<ref name=tehc/>

Copper was discovered in Ducktown in 1843. By the 1850s, a large mining operation was underway in southeastern Polk County; the area became known as the [[Copper Basin (Tennessee)|Copper Basin]]. This operation continued until 1987, when the last mine closed.

During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], Polk County was one of only six counties in [[East Tennessee]] to support the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]], voting in favor of Tennessee's ordinance of secession in June 1861. During the war, the copper mines supplied about 90% of the Confederacy's copper; their capture by Union forces after the Confederate defeat at the [[Chattanooga Campaign|Battles for Chattanooga]] in November 1863 proved a major blow to the Confederacy. On November 29, 1864, a series of raids by Confederate bushwhacker John P. Gatewood in Polk County resulted in at least 16 deaths.<ref name=tehc/>

The East Tennessee Power Company, later the [[Tennessee Electric Power Company]] (TEPCO), constructed two [[hydroelectric dam]]s on the Ocoee River, Ocoee Dams [[Ocoee Dam No. 1|1]] and [[Ocoee Dam No. 2|2]], which were completed in 1911 and 1913, respectively.<ref>James B. Jones Jr.  [https://www.tntech.edu/wrc/DuckRiverManual/PRE__TVA.pdf ''Towards an Understanding of the History and Material Culture of Pre-TVA Hydroelectric Development in Tennessee, 1900-1933'']{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Retrieved: January 22, 2009. PDF.</ref>

TEPCO was later purchased by the [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] (TVA), founded in 1933. It constructed an additional dam on this river, [[Ocoee Dam No. 3]], completed in 1943, as well as the [[power station|powerhouse]] for [[Apalachia Dam]] on the Hiwassee River in northern Polk County, which was also completed in 1943.<ref>Tennessee Valley Authority, ''The Hiwassee Valley Projects Volume 2: The Apalachia, Ocoee No. 3, Nottely, and Chatuge Projects'', Technical Report No. 5 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1948), pp. 1-13, 40, 47, 63, 295, 494.</ref>

In 1973, a large music festival known as the "Midwest Monster Peace Jubilee and Music Festival", commonly known as the "Monster Peace Jubilee", was planned by Indiana-based promoter C.F. Manifest Inc. to take place on a 1,300-acre farm north of Benton on Labor Day of that year. The farm was owned by the county executive. (It has been redeveloped as the [[Chilhowee Gliderport]].) Nicknamed "Polkstock" due to its resemblance to 1969's [[Woodstock]] in [[Bethel, New York]], the event was expected to attract approximately 500,000 people. Locals strongly opposed it, especially members of the religious communities, who believed the festival would bring much of the perceived rock music culture. The festival was eventually halted by the state circuit court, on the request of the district attorney, who said that the festival would constitute a public nuisance, due to drug, health, and traffic problems.<ref>{{cite news|date=August 24, 1973|title=Judge Orders Festival Halted|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/56528159/judge-orders-festival-halted/|work=[[Kingsport Times-News]]|location=Kingsport, Tennessee|agency=United Press International|access-date=February 3, 2019|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

On May 27, 1983, a [[Benton fireworks disaster|massive explosion]] at a secret illegal [[fireworks]] factory killed eleven workers. The operation, located on a [[fishing bait|bait farm]] a few miles south of Benton, was unlicensed. It produced [[M-80 (explosive)|M-80]] and [[M-100 (explosive)|M-100]] fireworks, both illegal, and was the largest illegal fireworks operation in the United States to date.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jefferson |first1=Jon|last2=Bass|first2=William|date=September 4, 2007 |title=Beyond The Body Farm: A Legendary Bone Detective Explores Murders, Mysteries, and the Revolution in Forensic Science |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDTGENPVTs4C |publisher=Harper Collins |pages=67–86 |isbn=978-0060875282 |author-link=www.jeffersonbass.com|via=Google Books}}</ref>

The [[Ocoee Whitewater Center]] was the site of the [[canoe slalom]] events for the [[1996 Summer Olympics]], based in [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]].

In April 2019, Polk County was the first county in Tennessee to become a "gun sanctuary", or [[Second Amendment sanctuary]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bowers |first=Larry C. |url=http://clevelandbanner.com/stories/polk-is-first-county-in-state-to-be-gun-sanctuary,97645 |title=Polk is first county in state to be 'gun sanctuary' |date=April 21, 2019 |work=[[Cleveland Daily Banner]] |access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref>