Editing Politics of Egypt (section)

==Presidency==
{{Main|President of Egypt}}

The position was created after the [[Egyptian Revolution of 1952]]; Mohammed Naguib was the first to hold the position. Before 2005, the Parliament chose a candidate for the presidency and the people voted, in a referendum, whether or not they approved the proposed candidate for president. After the [[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]], a new presidential election was held [[Egyptian presidential election, 2012|2012]], it was the first free and fair elections in Egypt's political history.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2012-jun-30-la-fg-egypt-morsi-20120701-story.html|title=Mohamed Morsi sworn in as Egypt's first Islamist president|date=June 30, 2012|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> The [[Muslim Brotherhood]] declared early 18 June 2012, that its candidate, [[Mohamed Morsi]], won the election. After a wave of public discontent with autocratic excesses of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] government of President [[Mohamed Morsi]];<ref name=morsi-think-again>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/01/28/think-again-the-muslim-brotherhood/|title=Think Again: The Muslim Brotherhood|publisher=Al-Monitor|date=28 January 2013|access-date=2016-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202110236/http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/01/28/think-again-the-muslim-brotherhood/|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> the beginning of July 2013 marked the onset of the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, following the decision of [[Egyptian Army ranks|General]] [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]], to remove Morsi from office and suspend the constitution of 2012. El-Sisi was then elected head of state in the [[Egyptian presidential election, 2014|2014 presidential election]].<ref name=ao8June>{{cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/103147.aspx|title=El-Sisi sworn in as Egypt president|date=8 June 2014|access-date=8 June 2014|publisher=Ahram Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611133848/http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/103147.aspx|archive-date=11 June 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 June 2014, Abdel Fatah el-Sisi was officially sworn in as Egypt's new president.<ref>{{cite news |title=Egypt's Sisi sworn in as president |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/08/egypt-sisi-sworn-in-president |work=the Guardian |date=8 June 2014 |language=en}}</ref>

Article 133 of Egypt's constitution of 2012 determines a 4-year period of presidential mandate, to which the candidate can only be re-elected once. According to the document, to be eligible the candidate “must be Egyptian born to Egyptian parents, must have carried no other citizenship, must have civil and political right, cannot be married to a non-Egyptian,” and not be younger than 40 Gregorian years.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Egypt's Constitution of 2012|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Egypt_2012.pdf?lang=en|publisher=Translated by International IDEA|date=4 February 2020|access-date=14 May 2020|author=Tfceccherini}}</ref>

Article 146 declares the president to be the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. However, to declare war or to send armed forces outside state territory, the president must consult the National Defense Council and have the approval of the majority of the MPs.<ref name="auto"/>

In April 2019, Egypt's parliament extended presidential terms from four to six years.<ref>{{cite news |title=Egypt parliament extends presidential term to six years |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/egypt-parliament-extends-presidential-term-to-six-years/1454194 |work=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref>

A [[2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum|constitutional referendum]] was held in Egypt from 20 to 22 April 2019, with overseas voting taking place between 19 and 21 April. The proposed changes allowed President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to remain in power until 2030; under the previous version of the constitution, he would have been barred from contesting the next elections, set to take place in 2022. The changes were approved by 88.83% of voters who voted, with a 44% turnout.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-04-16|title=Egypt constitutional changes could mean Sisi rule until 2030|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-47947035|access-date=2021-06-05}}</ref>