Editing Pole vault (section)

==History==
[[File:Robert Musgrave of Keswick (1841-1901).png|thumb|Robert Musgrave of Keswick (1841-1901), the first man to clear more than ten feet in the pole vault.]]
[[File:Pole vaulting LOC det.4a15081.jpg|thumb|Pole vault in the 1890s at [[US Naval Academy]]]]

Pole jumping was already practiced by the [[Ancient Egypt|ancient Egyptians]], [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greeks]] and the [[Gaelic Ireland|ancient Irish people]].<ref name="VaulterMag2012" /><ref name=VaulterMag2017>{{Cite magazine |last=Memmel |first=Eliah |date=May 2017 |title=Development of Pole Vaulting Safety and Technology |url=https://issuu.com/thevaultermagazine/docs/may_final_e02829ecdee094 |magazine=Vaulter Magazine |issue=61 |pages=18–22}}</ref> As depicted on stone engravings and artifacts dating back to c. 2500 BC, the Egyptians used [[spear]]s to mount enemy structures, and to pass over [[irrigation]] [[Ditch|ditches]]. Vases and pots from Greece show that poles were used by the locals to jump onto or over objects. From c. 1800 BC to c. 550 BC, a sport akin to pole vaulting was probably included in the Irish [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]], although the pole might have been used for gaining distance rather than height, as ancient Irish farmers used poles to jump over canals and rivers. Modern pole vaulting, an athletic contest where height is measured, was first established by the German teacher [[Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths]] in the 1790s.<ref name="VaulterMag2012" /><ref name="VaulterMag2017" /> GutsMuths is also considered by many to be the father of modern pole vaulting, as he described jumping standards, the distance of the approach, recommendations on hand grip, and the principles of pole jumping.<ref name="VaulterMag2017" /> It was first practiced as a sport in Germany,<ref name="VaulterMag2012" /> later spreading to the United Kingdom and the United States.<ref name="VaulterMag2017" /> The earliest recorded pole vaulting competition in England where height was measured took place at the [[Ulverston|Ulverston Football and Cricket Club]], [[Furness|Lancashire, north of the sands]], in 1843.<ref>Turnbull, Simon (13 June 2009). [https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/kate-dennison-it-helps-being-a-little-bit-crazy-1704055.html Kate Dennison: 'It helps being a little bit crazy']. ''[[The Independent]]''. Retrieved on 15 June 2009.</ref> Pole vault was one of the athletics events of the inaugural [[Olympic Games]] in [[1896 Summer Olympics|1896]].<ref name="VaulterMag2012" />

Originally, poles were made of ash and from hickory wood. Bamboo poles were introduced in 1904, and both aluminum and steel poles appeared after 1945. [[Fiberglass|Glass fiber]] vaulting poles were invented in 1967 by James Monroe Lindler of the Columbia Products Company, Columbia, South Carolina. An application filed on 10 March 1967 was granted patent status on 27 January 1970 for the manufacture of, "a vaulting pole of hollow construction with an integral helical winding," and a method of manufacturing the same (see: [https://patents.google.com/patent/US3491999A/en?oq=US3491999A US Patent US3491999A]). The process starts with a metal tube, referred to in the industry as a mandrel, around which is wound a tape made of glass fibers impregnated with a resin. This is baked in an oven and after cooling the mandrel is removed to leave a hollow glass fiber tube. This process was based on a similar method used for manufacturing glass fiber golf clubs patented by the Woolley Manufacturing Company of Escondido, California in 1954 (see: [https://patents.google.com/patent/US2822175A/en?oq=US3491999A US Patent US2822175A]).

[[File:Walter R. Dray, world record holder for the pole vault.png|thumb|Walter R. Dray, holder of the world record for the pole vault of 12ft 9 1/2in (3.90m) set at Danbury, Connecticut, 13 June 1908.]]

In September 2005, Jeffrey P. Watry, Ralph W. Paquin, and Kenneth A. Hursey of Gill Athletic, Champaign, Illinois, filed application to patent a new method of winding the glass fibers around the pole in layers, each wound in a different direction or orientation to provide specific properties to various parts of the pole. This was called Carbon Weave, and their patent was granted on 21 October 2008 (see: [https://patents.google.com/patent/US7438962B1/en?oq=US3491999A US Patent US3491999A]). David J. Dodge and William C. Doble of the Alliance Design and Development Group of New York City, New York, were granted a patent in 2006 for the manufacture of, "sports equipment having a tubular structural member" which led to the introduction of [[Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers|carbon fiber]] vaulting poles in 2007 (see: [https://patents.google.com/patent/US7140398B2/en?oq=US7140398B2 US Patent US7140398B2]).

[[File:Allison Stokke.jpg|thumb|Pole vaulter [[Allison Stokke]] prepares for her jump.]]

In 2000, IAAF rule 260.18a (formerly 260.6a) was amended, so that "world records" (as opposed to "indoor world records") can be set in a facility "with or without roof". This rule was not applied retroactively.<ref>{{cite web
 |title=12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009. 
 |url=http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/63/20090706014834_httppostedfile_p345-688_11303.pdf 
 |publisher=IAAF Media & Public Relations Department 
 |location=Monte Carlo 
 |page=546 
 |year=2009 
 |access-date=17 August 2009 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629134819/http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/63/20090706014834_httppostedfile_p345-688_11303.pdf 
 |archive-date=29 June 2011 }}</ref> With many indoor facilities not conforming to outdoor track specifications for size and flatness, the pole vault was the only world record set indoors until 2022.