Editing Pizza (section)

==Etymology==
The oldest recorded usage of the word ''pizza'' is thought to be from May 997{{nbsp}}CE, appearing in the ''[[Codex diplomaticus Caietanus]]'', a notarial [[Latin]] document from the town of [[Gaeta]], then still part of the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref name="pizza-origin-telegraph">{{ cite web | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/11408256/Was-pizza-not-invented-in-Naples-after-all.html | title=Was pizza not invented in Naples after all? | first=Keith | last=Miller | website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] | date=February 12, 2015 | access-date=January 11, 2025 | quote=Giuseppe Nocca of the Istituto Alberghiero di Formia claims that the "codex diplomaticus cajtanus" of 997 CE contains the first ever written use of the word, in a list of food to be supplied annually as a tithe to the archbishops of Gaeta by the tenants of a mill on the nearby river Garigliano. }}</ref> The text states that a tenant of certain property is to give the bishop of Gaeta ''duodecim pizze'' ({{literally|twelve pizzas}}),<ref name="codex1887">{{ cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA181 | title=Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus | volume=1 | publisher=Typis Archicoenobii Montis Casini | year=1887 | quote=''Tantummoduo persolvere debeatis omni anno salutes in dies natali domini sive vos sive vestris heredes in suprascripto episcopio tam nobis quam a nostris posteris successores duodecim pizze et una spatula de porco; et unum lumbulum; simul et in die sanctum pascha resurrectionis domini annualiter duodecim pizze et unum parium de pulli.'' }}</ref> a [[pork shoulder]] and kidney annually on [[Christmas Day]], and twelve pizzas and a couple of chickens annually on [[Easter Sunday]].<ref name="la-repubblica">{{cite web | title=Sorpresa: la parola "pizza" è nata a Gaeta | url=https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/02/09/news/sorpresa_la_parola_pizza_nata_a_gaeta-106914635/ | website=La Repubblica | date=February 9, 2015 | trans-title=Surprise: the word "pizza" was born in Gaeta | lang=it | access-date=November 16, 2021 | archive-date=November 16, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116203026/https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/02/09/news/sorpresa_la_parola_pizza_nata_a_gaeta-106914635/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Suggested etymologies include:

* [[Byzantine Greek]] and [[Late Latin]] ''pitta'' > ''pizza'', ''cf.'' Modern Greek [[pita|pitta]] bread and the Apulia and Calabrian (then [[Catepanate of Italy|Byzantine Italy]]) ''pitta'',<ref>{{cite book |last=Babiniotis |first=Georgios |date=2005 |script-title=el:Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας |trans-title=[[Dictionary of Modern Greek]] |language=el |publisher=Lexicology Centre |isbn=978-960-86190-1-2 |page=1413}}</ref> a round flat bread baked in the oven at high temperature sometimes with toppings. The word ''pitta'' can in turn be traced to either [[Ancient Greek]] πικτή (''pikte''), 'fermented pastry', which in Latin became ''picta'', or Ancient Greek πίσσα (''pissa'', [[Attic Greek|Attic]]: πίττα, ''pitta''), 'pitch',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pizza |title=Pizza |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=June 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024174005/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pizza |archive-date=October 24, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383267 |title=''Pissa'', Liddell and Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus |publisher=Perseus.tufts.edu |access-date=June 5, 2009 |archive-date=February 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221104553/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383267&redirect=true |url-status=live }}</ref> or πήτεα (''pḗtea''), 'bran' (πητίτης, ''pētítēs'', 'bran bread').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=pizza&r=66 |title=Pizza |publisher=Dictionary.com |access-date=June 5, 2009}}</ref>
* The ''[[:it:Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana|Etymological Dictionary of the Italian Language]]'' explains it as coming from dialectal ''pinza'', 'clamp', as in modern Italian ''pinze'', 'pliers, pincers, tongs, forceps'. Their origin is from [[Latin]] ''pinsere'', 'to pound, stamp'.<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=pizza "pizza"] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221104555/https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=pizza|date=February 21, 2022}}), ''Online Etymology Dictionary''.</ref>
* The [[Lombardic language|Lombardic]] word ''bizzo'' or ''pizzo'', meaning 'mouthful' (related to the English words ''bit'' and ''bite''), which was brought to Italy in the middle of the 6th century AD by the invading [[Lombards]].<ref name=MartinMaiden>{{cite web |first=Martin |last=Maiden |website=yourDictionary.com |title=Linguistic Wonders Series: Pizza is a German(ic) Word |url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/pizza.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030115224054/http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/pizza.html |archive-date=January 15, 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.garzantilinguistica.it/ricerca/?q=pizza|title=Pizza|work=Garzanti Linguistica|publisher=De Agostini Scuola Spa|access-date=January 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194513/http://www.garzantilinguistica.it/ricerca/?q=pizza|archive-date=February 1, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><!-- This is the origin favored by the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] though the entry notes that it is unattested.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oed.com/ |title=Oxford English Dictionary: The definitive record of the English language |publisher=Oed.com |access-date=June 5, 2009}}</ref> --> The shift b→p could be explained by the [[High German consonant shift]], and it has been noted in this connection that in German the word ''Imbiss'' means 'snack'.
A small pizza is sometimes called ''[[pizzetta]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title=pizzetta | work=Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary | date=June 22, 2023 | url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pizzetta }}</ref> A person who makes pizza is known as a ''pizzaiolo''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Doane |first1=Seth |title=Bringing authentic Neapolitan pizza home |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bringing-authentic-neapolitan-pizza-home/ |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=November 20, 2022}}</ref>

The word ''pizza'' was borrowed from Italian into English in the 1930s; before it became well known, pizza was called "tomato pie" by English speakers. Some regional pizza variations still use the name tomato pie.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Uyehara |first=Mari |date=October 6, 2023 |title=The Many Lives of Tomato Pie |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/06/dining/tomato-pie-pizza.html |access-date=October 15, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>