Editing Pitcher plant (section)

== Types ==
The term "pitcher plant" generally refers to members of the [[Nepenthaceae]] and [[Sarraceniaceae]] families, but similar pitfall traps are employed by the monotypic [[Cephalotaceae]] and some members of the [[Bromeliaceae]]. The families [[Nepenthaceae]] and [[Sarraceniaceae]] are the most species-rich families of pitcher plants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The evolution of carnivorous pitcher plants |url=https://www.obga.ox.ac.uk/evolution-carnivorous-pitcher-plants |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.obga.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>

=== Nepenthaceae ===
The Nepenthaceae contains a single [[genus]], ''[[Nepenthes]]'', containing over 100 species and numerous hybrids and cultivars. In this genus of [[Old World]] pitcher plants, the pitchers are borne at the end of [[tendril]]s that extend from the [[midrib]] of an otherwise unexceptional leaf. Old World pitcher plants are typically characterized as having reduced and symmetrical pitchers with a comprehensive waxy coating on the surface of the inner pitcher wall. The plants themselves are often climbers, accessing the canopy of their habitats using the aforementioned tendrils, although others are found on the ground in forest clearings, or as [[epiphyte]]s on trees.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clarke |first1=Charles |last2=Moran |first2=Jonathan |date=2015 |title=Climate, soils and vicariance - their roles in shaping the diversity and distribution of Nepenthes in Southeast Asia |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11104-015-2696-x |access-date= |journal=Plant and Soil |volume=403 |issue=1–2 |pages=37–51 |publisher=Springer International Publishing|doi=10.1007/s11104-015-2696-x }}</ref>
=== Sarraceniaceae ===

The New World pitcher plants (Sarraceniaceae), which comprise three genera, are ground-dwelling herbs whose pitchers arise from a horizontal [[rhizome]]. In this family, the entire leaf forms the pitcher, as opposed to Nepenthaceae, where the pitcher arises from the terminal portion of the leaf. The species of the genus ''[[Heliamphora]]'', which are popularly known as marsh pitchers (or erroneously as sun pitchers), have a simple rolled-leaf pitcher, at the tip of which is a spoon-like structure that secretes nectar. They are restricted to areas of high rainfall in [[South America]]. The [[North America]]n genus ''[[Sarracenia]]'' are the trumpet pitchers, which have a more complex trap than ''Heliamphora'', with an [[Operculum (Botany)|operculum]], which prevents excess accumulation of rainwater in most of the species. The single species in the [[California]] genus ''[[Darlingtonia (plant)|Darlingtonia]]'' is popularly known as the cobra plant, due to its possession of an inflated "lid" with elegant false-exits, and a forked "tongue", which serves to ferry ants and other prey to the entrance of the pitcher. The species in the genus ''Sarracenia'' readily hybridize, making their classification a complex matter.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}

The purple pitcher plant, ''[[Sarracenia purpurea]]'', is the [[floral emblem]] of the province of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]], Canada.

=== Cephalotaceae ===
The [[Cephalotaceae]] is a monotypic family with but one genus and species, ''[[Cephalotus|Cephalotus follicularis]]''. This species has a small (2–5&nbsp;cm) pitcher similar in form to those of ''Nepenthes''. Unlike in ''Nepenthes'', in ''Cephalotus'' ''follicularis'' the petiole is attached to the rear of the upper trap rim rather than to the base of the pitcher.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |author=Wilhelm Barthlott |translator=Michael Ashdown  |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/71189676 |title=The curious world of carnivorous plants : a comprehensive guide to their biology and cultivation |date=2007 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=978-0-88192-792-4 |edition=English language |location=Portland, Ore. |oclc=71189676}}</ref> The species occurs in only one location in southwestern [[Australia]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}

=== Bromeliaceae ===
A few species of bromeliads ([[Bromeliaceae]]), such as ''[[Brocchinia reducta]]''  and ''[[Catopsis berteroniana]]'', are known or suspected to be carnivorous.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Givnish |first1=Thomas J. |last2=Burkhardt |first2=Elizabeth L. |last3=Happel |first3=Ruth E. |last4=Weintraub |first4=Jason D. |date=1984 |title=Carnivory in the Bromeliad Brocchinia reducta, with a Cost/Benefit Model for the General Restriction of Carnivorous Plants to Sunny, Moist, Nutrient-Poor Habitats |url=https://doi.org/10.1086/284289 |journal=The American Naturalist |volume=124 |issue=4 |pages=479–497|doi=10.1086/284289 |s2cid=84947503 }}</ref>

{{Gallery| File:Nepenthes muluensis.jpg|''[[Nepenthes muluensis]]'' pitchers hang from tendrils. (This specimen is cultivated.)
 | File:kew.gardens.pitcher.plant.sarracenia.arp.jpg|Most North American pitcher plants belong to the genus ''[[Sarracenia]]''.
 | File:Darlingtonia californica ne8.JPG|Cobra lilies (''[[Darlingtonia californica]]'') use window-like areolae to lure insects into their hollow leaves.
 | File:Cephalotus follicularis001.jpg|The Australian pitcher plant is the only member of the Australian genus ''[[Cephalotus]]''.
 | File:Nepenthes truncata Exhibition of Carnivorous Plants Prague 2016 2.jpg|''[[Nepenthes truncata]]''
 | File:Nepenthes villosa.jpg|Pitcher of ''[[Nepenthes villosa]]''
}}