Editing Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (section)

==Life==

===Early years===
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin was born in the Château of Sarcenat, [[Orcines]], about 2.5 miles north-west of [[Clermont-Ferrand]], [[Auvergne]], [[French Third Republic]], on 1 May 1881, as the fourth of eleven children of librarian Emmanuel Teilhard de Chardin (1844–1932) and Berthe-Adèle, née de Dompierre d'Hornoys of [[Picardy]]. His mother was a great-grandniece of the philosopher [[Voltaire]]. He inherited the double surname from his father, who was descended on the Teilhard side from an ancient family of magistrates from [[Auvergne]] originating in [[Murat, Cantal]], ennobled under [[Louis XVIII of France]].<ref>Paul Marichal, "Emmanuel Teilhard de Chardin (1844-1932)", ''Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes'' 93 (1932), 416f.
Emmanuel Teilhard de Chardin was the son of Pierre-Cirice Teilhard and of Victoire Teilhard née Barron de Chardin.
The grandfather of Pierre-Cirice, Pierre Teilhard, was granted a letter of confirmation of nobility by Louis XVIII in 1816.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Aczel |first=Amir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4h3VQO20_Q0C&pg=PT58 |title=The Jesuit and the Skull |publisher=Penguin Publishing Group |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4406-3735-3 |page=58 |author-link=Amir Aczel}}</ref>

His father, a graduate of the [[École Nationale des Chartes]], served as a regional librarian and was a keen [[naturalist]] with a strong interest in natural science. He collected rocks, insects and plants and encouraged nature studies in the family. Pierre Teilhard's [[spirituality]] was awakened by his mother. When he was twelve, he went to the [[Notre Dame de Mongré High School|Jesuit college of Mongré]] in [[Villefranche-sur-Saône]], where he completed the [[Baccalauréat]] in [[philosophy]] and [[mathematics]]. In 1899, he entered the Jesuit novitiate in [[Aix-en-Provence]].<ref name="Fides">{{Cite book |last=Teilhard de Chardin |first=Pierre |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrLD9tj8WUEC |title=L'expérience de Dieu avec Pierre Teilhard de Chardin |date=2001 |publisher=Les Editions Fides |isbn=978-2-7621-2348-7 |language=fr}}</ref> In October 1900, he began his junior studies at the Collégiale Saint-Michel de Laval. On 25 March 1901, he made his first vows. In 1902, Teilhard completed a licentiate in literature at the [[University of Caen Normandy|University of Caen]].

In 1901 and 1902, due to an anti-clerical movement in the French Republic, the government banned the Jesuits and other religious orders from France. This forced the Jesuits to go into exile on the island of [[Jersey]] in the United Kingdom. While there, his brother and sister in France died of illnesses and another sister was incapacitated by illness. The unexpected losses of his siblings at young ages caused Teilhard to plan to discontinue his Jesuit studies in science, and change to studying theology. He wrote that he changed his mind after his Jesuit novice master encouraged him to follow science as a legitimate way to God.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Formative Years 1899 - 1914 |url=http://tcreek1.jimdofree.com/2-the-formative-years/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Teilhard de Chardin |language=en-US}}</ref> Due to his strength in science subjects, he was despatched to teach physics and chemistry at the [[Collège de la Sainte Famille]] in [[Cairo]], [[Khedivate of Egypt]] from 1905 until 1908. From there he wrote in a letter: "[I]t is the dazzling of the East foreseen and drunk greedily ... in its lights, its vegetation, its fauna and its deserts."<ref>''Letters from Egypt'' (1905–1908)&nbsp;— Éditions Aubier</ref>

For the next four years he was a [[Jesuit|Scholastic]] at ''[[Ore Place]]'' in [[Hastings, East Sussex]] where he acquired his theological formation.<ref name="Fides" /> There he synthesized his scientific, philosophical and theological knowledge in the light of [[evolution]]. At that time he read ''[[Creative Evolution (book)|Creative Evolution]]'' by [[Henri Bergson]], about which he wrote that "the only effect that brilliant book had upon me was to provide fuel at just the right moment, and very briefly, for a fire that was already consuming my heart and mind."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Teilhard de Chardin |first=Pierre |title=The Heart of Matter |date=1979 |publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich |editor-last=Hague |editor-first=René |location=New York |page=25 |language=en-us}}</ref>  Bergson was a French philosopher who was influential in the traditions of [[analytic philosophy]] and [[continental philosophy]]. His ideas were influential on Teilhard's views on matter, life, and energy. On 24 August 1911, aged 30, Teilhard was [[Catholic ordination|ordained]] a priest.<ref name="Fides" />

In the ensuing years, Bergson’s protege, the mathematician and philosopher [[Édouard Le Roy]], was appointed successor to Bergson at the College de France. In 1921, Le Roy and Teilhard became friends and met weekly for long discussions. Teilhard wrote: "I loved him like a father, and owed him a very great debt . . . he gave me confidence, enlarged my mind, and served as a spokesman for my ideas, then taking shape, on “hominization” and the “noosphere.” Le Roy later wrote in one of his books: "I have so often and for so long talked over with Pierre Teilhard the views expressed here that neither of us can any longer pick out his own contribution.”<ref>{{Cite book |last=Joye |first=Shelli |url=https://www.amazon.com/Exploring-Noosphere-Teilhard-Shelli-Joye-ebook/dp/B08RJ7GVB5/ |title=Exploring the Noosphere: Teilhard de Chardin |language=English}}</ref>