Editing Pickelhaube (section)

==History==
===Origins===
[[File:Shchegolev Alexandr Petrovitch.jpeg|thumb|[[Staff captain]], Russian [[artillery]], wearing a Pickelhaube, {{Circa|1858}}]]
[[File:Каска 1844.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Russian Pickelhauben of the 1849 version, with detachable plumes, 1853]]
[[File:Bismarck pickelhaube.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Otto von Bismarck]] wearing a cuirassier officer's metal Pickelhaube]]
[[File:Prussian Army Uniforms 1845.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Prussian infantry Pickelhaube in 1845 (right)]]

====Russian helmet====
During the 1830s, Tsar [[Nicholas I of Russia]] decided to replace the [[shako]] infantry caps. For this, he commissioned General {{ill|Lev Ivanovich Kiel|ru|Киль, Лев Иванович}}, a member of the [[Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts]], to design the new headdress for the Russian infantry. The new headwear was inspired by the leather helmet worn by the Russian [[cuirassier]]s, with the [[Plume (feather)|plumed crest]] being replaced by a pointed ornament in the shape of a [[Grenade (insignia)|flaming grenade]].<ref name="Șerbănescu"/>

====Prussian helmet====
The origins of the Prussian helmet began with a visit to Russia by [[Prince Charles of Prussia]] in 1837. During the visit, the Tsar presented Charles with the new helmet, which was still in its project stage. The Prince liked the idea, and upon returning to [[Berlin]] he proposed it to his father, King [[Frederick William III of Prussia]]. The King, however, did not approve of the helmet, which he considered expensive and unnecessary. After his death in 1840, the new king, [[Frederick William IV of Prussia|Frederick William IV]], approved his younger brother's idea, and the Prussian army officially adopted the spiked helmet in 1842, ahead of the Russian project, which was still being worked on;<ref name="Șerbănescu"/> Russia finally adopted the helmet in 1844.<ref>{{cite book|language=ru|page=334|title=Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire|url=https://www.prlib.ru/en/node/358447}}</ref>

===Adoption===
Frederick William IV introduced the Pickelhaube for use by the majority of Prussian infantry on 23 October 1842 by a royal cabinet order.<ref>[http://www.kaisersbunker.com/pe/m1842.htm The Model 1842 Pickelhaube] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521170928/http://www.kaisersbunker.com/pe/m1842.htm |date=21 May 2007 }} from the Kaiser's Bunker web site.</ref> The use of the Pickelhaube spread rapidly to other German principalities. [[Grand Duchy of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]] adopted it by 1849, [[Grand Duchy of Baden|Baden]] by 1870, and in 1887, the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] was the last German state to adopt the Pickelhaube (since the [[Napoleonic Wars]], they had had their own design of helmet called the [[:de:Raupenhelm|Raupenhelm]], a [[Tarleton helmet]]). Amongst other European armies, that of [[Sweden]] adopted the Prussian version of the spiked helmet in 1845,<ref name="Knötel">{{cite book|first1=Richard|last1=Knötel|author-link=Richard Knötel|first2=Herbert|last2=Knötel|first3=Herbert|last3=Sieg|title=Uniforms of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/uniformsofworldc0000knot_j2b3|year=1980 |isbn=0-684-16304-7}}</ref> in [[Wallachia]] it was decided to adopt the helmet on 15 August 1845, possibly being influenced by the visit of Prince [[Prince Albert of Prussia (1809–1872)|Albert of Prussia]]. However, its introduction to the troops took longer, while [[Moldavia]] adopted the Russian version of the spiked helmet in the same year, possibly under the influence of the [[Imperial Russian Army|Tsarist Army]].<ref name="Șerbănescu">{{cite web|title=Primele căști ale infanteriei române|work=[[Facebook]]|publisher=[[National Military Museum, Romania|Muzeul Militar Național "Regele Ferdinand I"]]|language=ro|url=https://www.facebook.com/muzeul.militar/posts/3919999248078719 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/412667628811916/3919999248078719 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |url-access=limited|author=Dr. Horia Șerbănescu|date=30 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

From the second half of the 19th century onwards, the armies of a number of nations including Argentina,<ref>{{cite web|last=Jara Franco|first=Ricardo|title=PICKELHAUBEN IN LATIN AMERICA|url=http://pickelhauben.net/latin-american-pickelhauben/ |date=18 August 2011 |access-date=23 December 2018}}</ref> Austria-Hungary, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Portugal, Norway, and Venezuela adopted the Pickelhaube or something very similar.<ref name="Knötel"/> The popularity of this headdress in Latin America arose from a period when military missions from Imperial Germany were widely employed to train and organize national armies. The [[Peruvian Army]] was the first of these, when some pickelhaubes were shipped to the country in the 1870s. During the [[War of the Pacific]], the 6th Infantry Regiment "Chacabuco" became the first [[Chilean Army|Chilean military unit]] to adopt this headdress, using captured Peruvian stocks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pickelhauben.net/articles/latin_America.html |title=Colonel J's - Articles -Latin American |website=www.pickelhauben.net |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205215416/http://www.pickelhauben.net/articles/latin_America.html |archive-date=5 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Russian version initially had a horsehair plume fitted to the end of the spike, but this was later discarded in some units. The Russian spike was topped with a grenade motif. At the beginning of the [[Crimean War]], such helmets were common among infantry and grenadiers, but soon fell out of place in favour of the [[forage cap]]. After 1862 the spiked helmet ceased to be generally worn by the Russian Army, although it was retained until 1914 by the Cuirassier regiments of the Imperial Guard, and the Gendarmerie. The Soviets prolonged the history of the pointed military headgear with their own cloth [[Budenovka]] adopted in 1919 by the Red Army.<ref>{{cite book|first=Mikhail|last=Khvostov|page=46|title=The Russian Civil War (1) The Red Army|date=15 May 1996|publisher=Bloomsbury USA |isbn=1-85532-608-6}}</ref>