Editing Phonograph (section)

== Terminology ==
The terminology used to describe record-playing devices is not uniform across the English-speaking world. In modern contexts, the playback device is often referred to as a "turntable", "record player", or "[[record changer]]". Each of these terms denotes distinct items. When integrated into a [[Disc jockey|DJ]] setup with a [[DJ mixer|mixer]], turntables are colloquially known as "decks".<ref>{{cite web |title=DJ Jargon, DJ Dictionary, DJ Terms, DJ Terminology, DJ Glossary of terms – DJ School UK |url=https://djschooluk.org.uk/dj-jargon-dj-dictionary-dj-terms-dj-terminology-dj-glossary-of-terms/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204201732/https://djschooluk.org.uk/dj-jargon-dj-dictionary-dj-terms-dj-terminology-dj-glossary-of-terms/ |archive-date=2019-12-04 |access-date=2019-12-04 |language=en-GB}}</ref> In later versions of electric phonographs, commonly known since the 1940s as record players or turntables, the movements of the stylus are transformed into an [[electrical signal]] by a [[transducer]]. This signal is then converted back into sound through an [[amplifier]] and one or more [[loudspeaker]]s.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hockenson |first=Lauren |date=20 December 2012 |title=This Is How a Turntable Really Works |url=https://mashable.com/2012/12/20/dj-turntable/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204200225/https://mashable.com/2012/12/20/dj-turntable/ |archive-date=2019-12-04 |access-date=2019-12-04 |website=Mashable |language=en}}</ref>

The term "phonograph", meaning "sound writing", originates from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] words {{lang|grc-Grek|φωνή|italic=no}} ({{lang|grc-latn|phonē}}, meaning 'sound' or 'voice') and {{lang|grc-Grek|γραφή|italic=no}} ({{lang|grc-latn|graphē}}, meaning 'writing'). Similarly, the terms "gramophone" and "graphophone" have roots in the Greek words {{lang|grc-Grek|γράμμα|italic=no}} ({{lang|grc-latn|gramma}}, meaning 'letter') and {{lang|grc-Grek|φωνή|italic=no}} ({{lang|grc-latn|phōnē}}, meaning 'voice').

In [[British English]], "gramophone" may refer to any sound-reproducing machine that utilizes [[disc records]]. These were introduced and popularized in the UK by the [[Gramophone Company]]. Initially, "gramophone" was a proprietary [[trademark]] of the company, and any use of the name by competing disc record manufacturers was rigorously challenged in court. However, in 1910, an English court ruled that the term had become generic.<ref>{{cite web |date=1910-07-05 |title=Application by the Gramophone Company to register "Gramophone" as a trade mark |url=http://rpc.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/27/689.full.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20190412094028/http://rpc.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/27/689.full.pdf |archive-date=2019-04-12 |website=Reports of Patent, Design and Trade Mark Cases |publisher=The Illustrated Official Journal}}</ref>

=== United States ===
[[File:Edison Standard Photograph (08).jpg|thumb|An Edison Standard Phonograph that uses wax cylinders|left]]
In [[American English]], "phonograph", properly specific to machines made by Edison, was sometimes used in a generic sense as early as the 1890s to include cylinder-playing machines made by others. But it was then considered strictly incorrect to apply it to [[Emile Berliner]]'s Gramophone, a different machine that played nonrecordable discs (although Edison's original Phonograph patent included the use of discs.<ref>{{cite web  |url=https://intertique.com/TheEdisonDiamondDiscPhonograph.html |title=The Edison Diamond Disc Phonograph – History, Identification, Repair  |access-date=17 March 2020  |archive-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317051242/https://intertique.com/TheEdisonDiamondDiscPhonograph.html |url-status=live}}</ref>)

=== Australia ===
[[File:Conversazione of the Royal Society of Victoria.jpg|thumb|Wood engraving published in ''[[The Illustrated Australian News]]'', depicting a public demonstration of new technology at the Royal Society of Victoria (Melbourne, Australia) on 8 August 1878.|alt=]]
In [[Australian English]], "record player" was the term; "turntable" was a more technical term; "gramophone" was restricted to the old mechanical (i.e., wind-up) players; and "phonograph" was used as in [[British English]]. The "phonograph" was first demonstrated in Australia on 14 June 1878 to a meeting of the [[Royal Society of Victoria]] by the Society's Honorary Secretary, [[Alexander Sutherland (educator)|Alex Sutherland]] who published "The Sounds of the Consonants, as Indicated by the Phonograph" in the Society's journal in November that year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/147117|title=State Library Victoria – Viewer |access-date=2019-06-14 |archive-date=2022-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221114839/https://viewer.slv.vic.gov.au/?entity=IE12498293 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 August 1878 the phonograph was publicly demonstrated at the Society's annual ''conversazione'', along with a range of other new inventions, including the [[microphone]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5943561 |title=09 Aug 1878 – THE ROYAL SOCIETY. – Trove |newspaper=Argus |publisher=Trove.nla.gov.au |date=1878-08-09 |accessdate=2022-02-21 |archive-date=2022-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221114841/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5943561 |url-status=live }}</ref>