Editing Philippine Revolutionary Army (section)

==History==
[[File:Insurgent soldiers in the Philippines 1899.jpg|thumb|Regular soldiers of the Philippine Revolutionary Army stand at attention for an inspection.|245x245px]]

{{See also|Military history of the Philippines|List of weapons of the Philippine revolution}}
The revolutionary army used the 1896 edition of the Spanish regular army's ''Ordenanza del Ejército'' to organize its forces and establish its character as a modern army.<ref name="Dumindin">{{cite web |title=Philippine-American War, 1899–1902 |url=http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/thephilippinearmy.htm |access-date=January 28, 2012|work=philippineamericanwar.webs.com}}</ref> Rules and regulations were laid down for the reorganization of the army, along with the regulation of ranks and the adoption of new fighting methods, new rank insignias, and a new standard uniform known as the ''[[rayadillo]]''. [[Filipino people|Filipino]] artist [[Juan Luna]] is credited with this design.<ref name="Jose 1986 106">{{cite book |last=Jose |first=Vivencio R. |title=The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna |publisher=Solar Publishing |year=1986 |pages=106}}</ref> Juan Luna also designed the collar insignia for the uniforms, distinguishing between the services: [[infantry]], [[cavalry]], [[artillery]], [[sapper]]s, and [[medic]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uniformology II |url=http://falangefilipinas.4t.com/photo5.html |access-date=May 20, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502095850/http://falangefilipinas.4t.com/photo5.html |archive-date=May 2, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Alejandrino |first=Jose |title=The Price of Freedom |year=1949}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Opiña |first=Rimaliza |title=Military academy sheds West Point look |publisher=Sun.Star Baguio |date=November 14, 2004 |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/bag/2004/11/14/news/military.academy.sheds.west.point.look.html |access-date=May 19, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029220704/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/bag/2004/11/14/news/military.academy.sheds.west.point.look.html |archive-date=October 29, 2008 }}</ref> His brother, General [[Antonio Luna]] commissioned him with the task and personally paid for the new uniforms.<ref name="Jose 1986 106"/> At least one researcher has postulated that Juan Luna may have patterned the tunic after the [[England|English]] [[Norfolk jacket]], since the Filipino version is not a copy of any Spanish-pattern uniform.<ref name="combsfil">{{cite web |last=Combs |first=William K. |title=Filipino Rayadillo Norfolk-pattern Tunic |url=http://www.agmohio.com/LRNorfolkRayadillo.htm |access-date=May 18, 2008}}</ref> [[Infantry]] officers wore blue pants with two white stripes down the side, while [[Cavalry]] officers wore red trousers with two black stripes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agmohio.com/LRNorfolkRayadillo.htm|title=Filipino Rayadillo Norfolk Pattern Tunic|access-date=October 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Uniformology I |url=http://falangefilipinas.4t.com/photo2.html |access-date=May 20, 2008}}</ref> Soldiers and junior officers wore straw hats while senior officers often wore peaked caps.

Orders and circulars were issued covering matters such as building trenches and fortifications, equipping every male aged 15 to 50 with bows and arrows (as well as [[bolo knives]], though officers wielded European swords), enticing Filipino soldiers in the Spanish army to defect, collecting empty cartridges for refilling, prohibiting unplanned sorties, inventories of captured arms and ammunition, fundraising, purchasing of arms and supplies abroad, unification of military commands, and exhorting the rich to give aid to the soldiers.<ref name="Dumindin"/>

Aguinaldo, a month after he declared Philippine independence, created a pay scale for officers in the army: Following the board, a brigadier general would receive 600 pesos annually, and a sergeant 72 pesos.

When the [[Philippine–American War]] erupted on February 4, 1899, the Filipino army suffered heavy losses on every sector. Even [[Antonio Luna]] urged [[Apolinario Mabini]], Aguinaldo's chief adviser, to convince the President that [[guerrilla warfare]] must be announced as early as April 1899. Aguinaldo adopted guerrilla tactics on November 13, 1899, dissolving what remained of the regular army and after many of his crack units were decimated in set-piece battles.<ref>{{Harvnb|Linn|2000a|pp=186–187}}</ref>