Editing Philip V of Spain (section)

==Early years==
===Birth and family===
[[File:Pierre Mignard - Louis, the Grand Dauphin of France with his Family - Versailles MV 8135.jpg|thumb|260x260px|[[Louis, Grand Dauphin|Louis of France, le ''Grand Dauphin'']], and his wife [[Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria|Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria]] with their three sons: [[Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1682–1712)|Louis, le ''Petit Dauphin'']], Philippe, Duke of Anjou and [[Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)|Charles, Duke of Berry]]. Painting by [[Pierre Mignard]], 1687.|left]]
Philip was born on 19 December 1683 at the [[Palace of Versailles]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The New International Encyclopædia |page=14 |year=1903 |publisher= Dodd, Mead and Company}}</ref> in France, the second son of [[Louis, Grand Dauphin]], the heir apparent to the throne of France, and his wife [[Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria]].{{sfn|Kamen|2001|p=6}}

Philip was a younger brother of [[Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy|Louis, Duke of Burgundy]], the father of [[Louis XV]] of France. At birth, Philip was created [[Counts and dukes of Anjou|Duke of Anjou]], a traditional title for younger sons in the French royal family. He would be known by this name until he became the King of Spain. Since Philip's older brother, [[Louis, Duke of Burgundy]], was second in line to the French throne after his father, there was little expectation that either he or his younger brother [[Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)|Charles, Duke of Berry]], would ever rule over France.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}

===Upbringing and education===
Philip lived his first years under the supervision of the royal governess [[Louise de Prie]] and after that was tutored with his brothers by [[François Fénelon]], [[List of bishops and archbishops of Cambrai|Archbishop of Cambrai]]. The three siblings were also educated by [[Paul de Beauvilliers, 2nd duc de Saint-Aignan|Paul de Beauvilliers]].{{sfn|Kamen|2001|p=6}}

===Claims to the Spanish throne===
[[File:Philippe_de_France_proclamé_roi_d'Espagne.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Proclamation of Philip V as King of Spain in the Palace of Versailles on 16 November 1700]]
In 1700, King [[Charles II of Spain]], the last Habsburg to rule Spain, died childless. His will named as successor Philip, grandson of Charles' half-sister [[Maria Theresa of Spain|Maria Theresa]], the first wife of Louis XIV.{{sfn|Kamen|2001|pages=2-3}} Upon any possible refusal, the crown of Spain would be offered next to Philip's younger brother, the Duke of Berry, then to the Archduke [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles of Austria]], later Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI.{{sfn|Kamen|2001|p=3}} Philip had the better genealogical claim to the Spanish throne, because his Spanish grandmother and [[Anne of Austria|great-grandmother]] were older than the ancestors of the Archduke Charles of Austria. However, the Austrians maintained that Philip's grandmother had renounced the Spanish throne for herself and her descendants as part of her marriage contract. That renunciation was contingent on her dowry being paid. The French claim to Spain was due to the dowry having never been paid.<ref>{{cite book |last=Durant |first=Will |title=The Age of Louis XIV |page=699 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |location= New York |year=1963}}</ref> In addition to this, while Philip did have a remote claim to the throne of France, Archduke Charles had an even more proximate claim to be [[Holy Roman Emperor]], and his ascension to the throne would have also destabilized the European balance of power.{{sfn|Dunham|1832|p=111}}

After a long [[Conseil du Roi|Royal Council]] meeting in France at which the Dauphin spoke up in favor of his son's rights, it was agreed that Philip would ascend the throne, and in doing so, [[Aubaine|forfeit]] his and his heirs' claim to the throne of France. The Royal Council decided to accept the provisions of the will of Charles II naming Philip king of Spain.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

===First marriage===
[[File:Maria Luisa Gabriella de Savoia.jpg|thumb|left|219x219px|A young Maria Luisa of Savoy holding a miniature portrait of her husband, Philip V]] 2 November 1701, the almost 18-year-old Philip married the 13-year-old [[Maria Luisa of Savoy]], as chosen by his grandfather King Louis XIV. She was the daughter of [[Victor Amadeus II]], Duke of Savoy, and his wife [[Anne Marie d'Orléans]], Philip's first cousin once removed. The Duke and Duchess of Savoy were also the parents of [[Princess Marie Adélaïde of Savoy]], Duchess of Burgundy, Philip's sister-in-law. There was a proxy ceremony at [[Turin]], the capital of the [[Duchy of Savoy]], and another one at Versailles on 11 September.{{sfn|Kamen|2001|p=11}}

Maria Luisa proved very popular as Queen of Spain. She served as regent for her husband on several occasions. Her most successful term was when Philip was away touring his Italian domains for nine months in 1702, when she was just 14 years old. On entering Naples that year he was presented with [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]]'s ''[[Boy with a Dragon]]''. In 1714, Maria Luisa died at the age of 26 from [[tuberculosis]], a devastating emotional blow to her husband.{{sfn|Kamen|2001|p=94}}