Editing Philadelphia, Mississippi (section)

== History ==
[[File:Beacon Street, Courthouse Square, Philadelphia, Mississippi.jpg|thumb|left|Courthouse Square]]
Philadelphia is [[municipal corporation|incorporated as a municipality]]; it was given its current name, after [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]],<ref name="britannica"/> in 1903, two years before the railroad brought new opportunities and prosperity to the town. The history of the town and its influences- social, political and economic- can be seen in the many points of interest within and beyond the city limits.  These range from the large ceremonial [[Indian mound]] and cave at [[Nanih Waiya]], built approximately 1700 years ago and sacred to the [[Choctaw]]; to the still thriving Williams Brothers Store, a true old-fashioned [[general store]] founded in 1907 and featured in ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'' in 1937 as a source of anything from "horse collars to straw hats."<ref name=Nat-Geo-Magazine>{{cite magazine
| last        = Hildebrand
| first       = J.R.
| title       = Machines Come to Mississippi
| url         = https://archive.nationalgeographic.com/
| magazine    = The National Geographic Magazine
| edition     = September 1937
| location    = Washington, D.C.
| publisher   = The National Geographic Society
| volume      = LXXII
| number      = Three
| pages       = 288
| access-date = April 8, 2021
}}</ref>

===Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner===
{{Main|Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner}}
[[File:Goodman Cheney and Schwerner Murder Site Marker.jpg|thumb|right|250px|State of Mississippi roadside marker denoting the location where the 1964 murders of American civil rights workers Goodman, Chaney, and Schwerner took place]]
In the mid-20th century, [[Mississippi]] was a battleground of the [[civil rights movement]] as, like other states of the South, it had long [[Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era|disfranchised]] blacks and subjected them to [[racial segregation]] and [[Jim Crow laws]]. Philadelphia in June 1964 was the scene of the murders of civil rights workers [[James Chaney]], a 21-year-old [[African American|black]] man from [[Meridian, Mississippi|Meridian]], Mississippi; [[Andrew Goodman (activist)|Andrew Goodman]], a 20-year-old [[Jew]]ish [[anthropology]] student from [[New York City]]; and [[Michael Schwerner]], a 24-year-old Jewish [[Congress of Racial Equality|CORE]] organizer and former [[social worker]], also from New York. Their deaths demonstrated the risks that civil rights workers took to secure the constitutional rights of African Americans.

[[Ku Klux Klan]] members (including [[Cecil Price]], a deputy sheriff of Neshoba County) released the three young men from jail, took them to an isolated spot, and killed them, then buried them in an earthen dam. It was some time after they disappeared before the bodies were discovered, as a result of an [[FBI]] investigation and national media attention.<ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964csg Lynching of Chaney, Schwerner & Goodman] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> The national outrage over their deaths helped procure support for Congressional passage of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] and the [[Voting Rights Act]] of 1965.  The murders and related conspiracy gave rise to the "Mississippi Burning" trial, ''[[United States v. Price]]''.

===Reagan's visit===
{{main|States' rights speech}}
On August 3, 1980, [[Ronald Reagan]] gave his first post-[[political convention|convention]] speech at the [[Neshoba County Fair]] after being officially chosen as the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for [[President of the United States]]. He said: "I believe in states' rights ... I believe we have distorted the balance of our government today by giving powers that were never intended to be given in the Constitution to that federal establishment." He went on to promise to "restore to states and local governments the power that properly belongs to them".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onlinemadison.com/ftp/reagan/reaganneshoba.mp3 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-09-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030134/http://www.onlinemadison.com/ftp/reagan/reaganneshoba.mp3 |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>

===Dupree's record breaker===
[[Marcus Dupree]] played high school football for the Philadelphia High School Tornadoes from 1978 to 1981. He was an outstanding athlete who was widely recognized for his achievements.<ref name="LO">{{cite news|url=http://www.wlox.com/Global/story.asp?S=13227283|title=Could Marcus Dupree make another run at pro football?|publisher=[[WLOX]]|date=September 27, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052934/http://www.wlox.com/Global/story.asp?S=13227283|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://oudaily.com/news/2010/nov/09/story-marcus-dupree/|title=The story of Marcus Dupree|work=[[The Oklahoma Daily]]|date=November 9, 2010|first=R.J.|last=Young|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418195859/http://oudaily.com/news/2010/nov/09/story-marcus-dupree/|archive-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref> Dupree scored 87 touchdowns total during his playing time in high school, breaking the record set by [[Herschel Walker]] by one.<ref name=deitsch>{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/writers/richard_deitsch/11/07/media.circus.marcus.dupree/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111031132/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/writers/richard_deitsch/11/07/media.circus.marcus.dupree/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 11, 2010|title=Marcus Dupree's doc; Howard Stern's most wanted sports guests|work=[[Sports Illustrated]]|date=November 9, 2010|first=Richard|last=Deitch}}</ref> In 1981, Marcus's final High School football game was played at Warriors Stadium of the [[Choctaw Tribal School System|tribal high school]] at the Choctaw Indian Reservation.<ref name=W_Morris>
{{Cite book
 | url        = https://books.google.com/books?id=W6nE9QK51vkC&q=marcus+dupree+1981+choctaw&pg=PA291
 | title      = The Courting of Marcus Dupree
 | year       = 1999
 | pages       = 291–302
 | access-date = 2010-11-04
 | last       = Morris
 | first      = Willie | isbn = 9780878055852
 }}
</ref> The author [[Willie Morris]] described the audience at Dupree's final high school game as "the most distinctive crowd I had ever seen ... four thousand or so people seemed almost an equal of mix of whites, blacks, and Indians ... "<ref name=Morris>
{{Cite book | url        = https://books.google.com/books?id=W6nE9QK51vkC&q=marcus+dupree+1981+choctaw&pg=PA291 | title      = The Courting of Marcus Dupree | date       = October 1, 1992 | access-date = 2010-11-04 | author-link     = Willie Morris | last       = Morris | first      = Willie| publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]]| isbn = 0-87805-585-1 }}</ref>

===First black mayor===
In May 2009, Philadelphia elected its first black mayor, [[James Young (mayor)|James A. Young]], a 53-year-old [[Pentecostal]] preacher and a former county supervisor.<ref name="CNN Young">{{cite news|last=Lavandera|first=Ed|date=May 22, 2009|title=Black mayor of Mississippi town brings 'atomic bomb of change'|publisher=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/05/22/mississippi.black.mayor/}}</ref> He defeated Rayburn Waddell, a white, three-term incumbent, by 46 votes in the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] primary (there was no [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] challenger).<ref name="NYT Young">{{cite news|first=Robbie|last=Brown|date=2009-05-21|title=First Black Mayor in City Known for Klan Killings|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/22/us/22mayor.html|access-date=2017-05-02}}</ref> Jim Prince, publisher of the local ''[[The Neshoba Democrat]]'' newspaper said, "Philadelphia will always be connected to what happened here in 1964, but the fact that Philadelphia, Mississippi, with its notorious past, could elect a black man as mayor, it might be time to quit picking on Philadelphia, Mississippi."<ref name="CNN Young" />  Young's campaign staff credited [[Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign|Barack Obama's presidential campaign]] for increasing registration of black and young voters in Philadelphia, many of whom voted for Young.<ref name="NYT Young" /> His term began July 3, 2009.

===Past Mayors===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!
! Portrait
! Name
! Term in office
! Length of service
|-
! 1
| 
| '''Lee Johnston Catledge'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1909</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1910</span>
| 1 year
|-
! 2
| 
| '''W. H. Jenkins'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1910</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">Unknown</span>
| Unknown
|-
! 3
| 
| '''W. H. Jenkins'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1913</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">Unknown</span>
| Unknown
|-
! 4
| 
| '''Samuel Hurd Spivey'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1916</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1916</span>
| 1 year
|-
! 5
| 
| '''Joseph Eades Jolly'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1917</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">Unknown</span>
| Unknown
|-
! 6
| 
| '''Samuel Hurd Spivey'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1919</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1920</span>
| 1 year
|-
! 7
| 
| '''Ambrose Benjamin McCraw'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1923</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">Unknown</span>
| Unknown
|-
! 8
| 
| '''Joseph Eades Jolly'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1929</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">Unknown</span>
| Unknown
|-
! 9
| 
| '''John Kindred Gillis'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1932</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">Unknown</span>
| Unknown
|-
! 10
| 
| '''Ethelbert Dees Stribling'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1940</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">Unknown</span>
| Unknown
|-
! 11
| 
| '''Marshall Prince'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1944</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">Unknown</span>
| Unknown
|-
! 12
| 
| '''Ethelbert Dees Stribling'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1950</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">Unknown</span>
| Unknown
|-
! 13
| 
| '''Norman A. Johnson, Jr.'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1953</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1955</span>
| 2 years
|-
! 14
| 
| '''Clayton Lewis'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1956</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1961</span>
| 5 years
|-
! 15
| 
| '''Abner Davis Harbour'''
| <span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1961</span><br />–<br /><span class="date" style="white-space: nowrap;">1968</span>
| 7 years
|-
|}
[[File:Williams Brothers store.JPG|thumb|right|Williams Brothers Store]]
[[File:Philadelphia Mississippi.JPG|thumb|Philadelphia, Mississippi seen from the east end of town.]]
[[File:Philadelphia Neshoba County Library.jpg|thumb|Philadelphia - Neshoba County Library]]