Editing Phenomenology (philosophy) (section)

==Etymology==
The term ''phenomenology'' derives from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] φαινόμενον, ''phainómenon'' ("that which appears") and λόγος, ''lógos'' ("study"). It entered the English language around the turn of the 18th century and first appeared in direct connection to Husserl's philosophy in a 1907 article in ''[[The Philosophical Review]]''.<ref>''OED'', 3rd ed. Accessed 27 July 2023</ref>

In philosophy, "phenomenology" refers to the tradition inaugurated by Edmund Husserl at the beginning of the 20th century.{{sfn|Smith|2023|loc=Introduction}} The term, however, had been used in different senses in other philosophy texts since the 18th century. These include those by [[Johann Heinrich Lambert]] (1728–1777), [[Immanuel Kant]] (1724–1804), [[G. W. F. Hegel]] (1770–1831), and [[Carl Stumpf]] (1848–1936), among others.{{sfn|Martinelli|2015|pages=23–43}}{{sfn|Moran|2000|pages=6–7}}{{sfn|Smith|2022|loc=§3}}

It was, however, the usage of [[Franz Brentano]] (and, as he later acknowledged, [[Ernst Mach]]{{sfn|Fisette|2011}}) that would prove definitive for Husserl.{{sfn|Moran|2000|page=7}} From Brentano, Husserl took the conviction that philosophy must commit itself to ''description'' of what is "given in direct 'self-evidence'."{{sfn|Moran|2000|pages=7–8}}

Central to Brentano's phenomenological project was his theory of [[intentionality]], which he developed from his reading of [[Aristotle]]'s ''[[On the Soul]]''.{{sfn|Moran|2000|page=8}} According to the phenomenological tradition, "the central structure of an experience is its intentionality, it being directed ''towards'' something, as it is an experience ''of'' or ''about'' some object."{{sfn|Smith|2022|loc=Introduction, emphasis added}} Also, on this theory, every intentional act is implicitly accompanied by a secondary, pre-reflective awareness of the act as one's own.{{sfn|Moran|2000|pages=8–9}}