Editing Peyronie's disease (section)

==Signs and symptoms==
[[File:Peyronie's disease.jpg|thumb|Example of penis deformation from side]]
The most frequent sign of Peyronie's disease is penile curvature acquired on erection. The location and extent of curvature vary with the location and extent of the fibrous plaque of the [[Tunica albuginea (penis)|tunica albuginea]]. Curvature is the most frequent complaint, but some men complain of penile shortening, penile narrowing (hourglass deformity), or indentations. Palpable plaques can be seen along the shaft, most commonly on the dorsum. Pain with erection is common during the initial, inflammatory phase but usually resolves during the chronic phase with resolution of swelling. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is estimated to affect 30–70% of men with PD, either due to decreased rigidity secondary to anatomic changes or psychogenic causes like [[Distress (medicine)|distress]] and performance concern. PD can substantially impair sexual function and quality of life, leading to [[Depression (mood)|depression]], relationship difficulties, and low [[self-esteem]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=R. J. |last2=Bryant |first2=R. G. |date=1975-10-27 |title=Metal substitutions incarbonic anhydrase: a halide ion probe study |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3 |journal=Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=1281–1286 |doi=10.1016/0006-291x(75)90498-2 |issn=0006-291X |pmid=3}}</ref><ref name="pmid23153101" /><ref name="pmid14690485">{{cite journal |last1=Ralph |first1=D. J. |last2=Minhas |first2=S. |date=January 2004 |title=The management of Peyronie's disease |journal=[[British Journal of Urology International]] |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=208–15 |doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2004.04587.x |pmid=14690485 |s2cid=38211880 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

===Psychosocial===
Peyronie's disease can also have psychological effects. While most men will continue to be able to have sexual relations, they are likely to experience some degree of [[erectile dysfunction]]. It is not uncommon to exhibit depression or withdrawal from their sexual partners.<ref name="pmid23153101">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nelson CJ, Mulhall JP |title=Psychological impact of Peyronie's disease: a review |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=653–60 |date=March 2013 |pmid=23153101 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02999.x}}</ref>