Editing Peugeot (section)

==History==
===Early manufacturing===
[[File:Peugeot first logo 1810.png|thumb|left|150px|Peugeot first emblem, displaying the lion figure, 1810]]
The Peugeot family of [[Valentigney]], [[Arrondissement of Montbéliard|Montbéliard]], [[Franche-Comté]], France began in the manufacturing business in 1810 with a steel foundry, which quickly started manufacturing [[saws]]; then other hand tools and, circa 1840 to 1842, [[Burr mill|coffee grinder]]s; then, in 1874, pepper grinders; and then, circa 1880, [[bicycle]]s.<ref>Georgano, G. N. ''Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930''. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985), p.22.</ref> The company's entry into the vehicle market was by means of stiff, structured [[petticoats]] or [[crinoline]] dresses, which used steel rods, leading to umbrella frames, chisels, wire wheels, and bicycles.<ref>Darke, Paul. "Peugeot: The Oldest of them All", in Northey, Tom, ed. ''The World of Automobiles'' (London: [[Orbis Publishing]], 1974), Volume 15, p.1682.</ref> [[Armand Peugeot]] introduced his "''Le Grand Bi''" [[penny-farthing]] in 1882, along with a range of other bicycles.<ref name="Peugeot_1810_1855">{{Cite web|url=https://fr.peugeot-saveurs.com/fr|title=Les Moulins Peugeot, l'alliance du design et de l'ingéniosité|website=Peugeot Saveurs}}</ref>

The company's logo, initially a lion walking on an arrow, symbolized the speed, strength, and flexibility of the Peugeot saw blades.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://int-media.peugeot.com/en/peugeot-launches-desktop-sculpture-its-new-brand-ambassador?idtok=34ecebbb407#prettyPhoto | title=Peugeot launches a desktop sculpture of its new brand ambassador | date=27 September 2018 | publisher=Peugeot | access-date=11 January 2019 | archive-date=8 August 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808115548/https://int-media.peugeot.com/en/peugeot-launches-desktop-sculpture-its-new-brand-ambassador?idtok=34ecebbb407#prettyPhoto | url-status=dead }}</ref> The car and motorcycle company and the bicycle company parted ways in 1926, but the family-owned [[Cycles Peugeot]] continued to build bicycles throughout the 20th century until the brand name was sold off to unrelated firms.  The family-owned firm Peugeot Saveurs continues to make and market grinders and other kitchen and table-service equipment.<ref name="24h-lemans.com v302">{{cite web | title=Team Peugeot TotalEnergies shuffles driver pack for 2024 | website=24h-lemans.com | url=https://www.24h-lemans.com/en/news/team-peugeot-totalenergies-shuffles-driver-pack-for-2024-58240 | access-date=20 Jan 2024}}</ref>

===Early motor vehicles===
Armand Peugeot became interested in the automobile early on and, after meeting with [[Gottlieb Daimler]] and others were convinced of its viability. The first Peugeot automobile, a three-wheeled, [[steam car|steam-powered car]] designed by [[Léon Serpollet]], was produced in 1889; only four examples were made.<ref name="autogenerated1">Georgano, p22.</ref> [[Steam power]] was heavy and bulky and required lengthy warmup times. In 1890, after meeting Daimler and [[Émile Levassor]], steam was abandoned in favour of a four-wheeled car with a petrol-fuelled [[internal combustion engine]] built by [[Panhard]] under Daimler licence.<!-- four were built at Peugeot's plant in [[Valentigney]], sez Georgano; Darke, p.1685-6, says this was Robert Peugeot's new Lion-Peugeot plant, built-in 1906.--> The car was more sophisticated than many of its contemporaries, with a three-point suspension and a sliding-gear transmission.<ref name="Darke, p.1683.">Darke, p.1683.</ref> An example was sold to the young [[Alberto Santos-Dumont]], who exported it to Brazil.<ref>Wykeham, P. ''Santos-Dumont: a Study in Obsession''. London: Putnam. 1962. pp.30-1</ref>

More cars followed, 29 being built in 1892, 40 in 1894, 72 in 1895, 156 in 1898, and 300 in 1899.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> These early models were given "type" numbers. Peugeot became the first manufacturer to fit rubber [[tire|tyres]] (solid, rather than [[pneumatic tire|pneumatic]]) to a petrol-powered car.{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}} Due to family discord, Armand Peugeot founded the Société des Automobiles Peugeot, in 1896, but in 1910 it was merged back with the family's Peugeot bicycle and motorcycle business.<ref name="Watkins 2024 e339">{{cite web | last=Watkins | first=Gary | title=Peugeot unveils tweaked 2024 WEC line-up | website=Motorsport.com | date=19 Jan 2024 | url=https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/peugeot-unveils-tweaked-2024-wec-line-up/10567338/ | access-date=20 Jan 2024}}</ref>

Peugeot was an early pioneer in motor racing, with [[Albert Lemaître]] winning the world's first motor race, the [[Paris–Rouen (motor race)|Paris–Rouen]], in a 3&nbsp;hp Peugeot. Five Peugeots qualified for the main event, and all finished. Lemaître finished 3 min 30 sec behind the Comte [[Jules-Albert de Dion|de Dion]] whose steam-powered car was ineligible for the official competition.<ref name="autogenerated2">Georgano, p.22.</ref> Three Peugeots were entered in the [[Paris–Bordeaux–Paris]], where they were beaten by Panhard's car<ref>Darke, p.1684. The Panhards were disqualified for being two-seaters. Georgano, p.22.</ref> (despite an average speed of {{Convert|20.8|km/h|mph|1|abbr=on}}<ref name="autogenerated4">Georgano, p.20.</ref> and taking the 31,500 franc prize).<ref name="autogenerated4"/> This also marked the debut of [[Michelin]] pneumatic tyres in racing,<ref name="Darke, p.1684.">Darke, p.1684.</ref> also on a Peugeot; they proved insufficiently durable.<ref name="autogenerated2"/> Nevertheless, the vehicles were still very much [[horseless carriage]]s in appearance and were steered by a [[tiller]].

In 1896, the first Peugeot engines were built; no longer were they reliant on Daimler. Designed by Rigoulot, the first engine was an {{Convert|8|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} horizontal twin fitted to the back of the [[Peugeot Type 15|Type 15]].<ref name="Darke, p.1684."/> It also served as the basis of a nearly exact copy produced by [[Rochet-Schneider]].<ref name="Darke, p.1684."/> Further improvements followed: the engine moved to the front on the Type 48 and was soon under a [[hood (vehicle)|bonnet]] at the front of the car, instead of hidden underneath; the steering wheel was adopted on the [[Peugeot Type 36|Type 36]], and they began to look more like the modern car.

Also in 1896, Armand Peugeot broke away from Les Fils de Peugeot Frères to form his own company, Société Anonyme des Automobiles Peugeot, building a new factory at [[Audincourt]] to focus entirely on cars.<ref name="Darke, p.1684."/> In 1899, sales hit 300; total car sales for all of France that year were 1,200.<ref name="Darke, p.1684."/> The same year, Lemaître won the Nice-Castellane-Nice Rally in a special {{Convert|5850|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} {{Convert|20|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} racer.<ref name="Darke, p.1684."/>

At the 1901 [[Paris Salon]], Peugeot debuted a tiny shaft-driven {{Convert|652|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} {{Convert|5|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} one-cylinder, dubbed "''Bébé''" ("baby"), and shed its conservative image, becoming a style leader.<ref name="Darke, p.1685.">Darke, p.1685.</ref> After placing 19th in the 1902 Paris-Vienna Rally with a {{Convert|50|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} {{Convert|11322|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} racer, and failing to finish with two similar cars, Peugeot quit racing.<ref name="Darke, p.1685."/>

In 1898, Peugeot Motocycles presents at the [[Paris Motorshow]] the first motorcycle equipped with a Dion-Bouton motor. Peugeot Motocycles remains the oldest motorcycle manufacturer in the world.

Peugeot added motorcycles to its range in 1901, and they have been built under the Peugeot name ever since. By 1903, Peugeot produced half of the cars built in France, and they offered the {{Convert|5|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} ''Bébé'', a {{Convert|6.5|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} four-seater, and an {{Convert|8|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} and {{Convert|12|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} resembling contemporary [[Mercedes (car)|Mercedes]] models.<ref name="Darke, p.1685."/>

The 1907 salon showed Peugeot's first six-cylinder and marked [[Tony Huber]] joining as an engine builder.<ref name="Darke, p.1685."/> By 1910, Peugeot's [[product line]] included a {{Convert|1149|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} two-cylinder and six four-cylinders, of between two and six liters. In addition, a new factory opened the same year at Sochaux, which became the main plant in 1928.<ref>Darke, p.1686.</ref>

A more famous name, [[Ettore Bugatti]], designed the new {{Convert|850|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} four-cylinder ''Bébé'' of 1912.<ref name="Darke, p.1685."/> The same year, Peugeot returned to racing with a team of three driver-engineers (a breed typical of the pioneer period, exemplified by [[Enzo Ferrari]] among others): [[Jules Goux]] (graduate of ''Arts et Metiers'', Paris), [[Paul Zuccarelli|Paolo Zuccarelli]] (formerly of [[Hispano-Suiza]]), and [[Georges Boillot]] (collectively called ''Les Charlatans''), with 26-year-old Swiss engineer [[Ernest Henry (engineer)|Ernest Henry]] to make their ideas reality. The company decided ''voiturette'' (light car) racing was not enough, and chose to try ''grandes épreuves'' (grand touring). They did so with an engineering ''tour de force'': a [[dual overhead camshaft]] (DOHC) 7.6-liter four-cylinder (110x200 mm) with four valves per cylinder.<ref>Darke, p.1686 & 1688.</ref> It proved faster than other cars of its time, and Boillot won the 1912 French Grand Prix at an average of {{Convert|68.45|mph|km/h|1|abbr=on}}, despite losing third gear and taking a 20-minute pit stop.<ref name="autogenerated3">Darke, p.1688.</ref> In May 1913, Goux took one to [[Indianapolis 500|Indianapolis]], and won at an average of {{Convert|75.92|mph|km/h|1|abbr=on}}, recording straightaway speeds of {{Convert|93.5|mph|km/h|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="autogenerated3"/> making Peugeot the first non-American-based auto company to win at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In 1914, Boillot's 3-liter L5 set a new Indy lap record of {{Convert|99.5|mph|km/h|1|abbr=on}}, and Duray placed second (beaten by ex-Peugeot ace [[René Thomas (racing driver)|René Thomas]] in a {{Convert|6235|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} [[Delage]]).<ref name="autogenerated5">Darke, p.1689.</ref> Another (driven by Boillot's brother, [[André Boillot|André]]) placed in 1915; similar models won in 1916 ([[Dario Resta]]) and 1919 ([[Howdy Wilcox]]).

For the 1913 [[French Grand Prix]], an improved L5 (with {{Convert|5655|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} engine) was produced with a pioneering ballbearing [[crankshaft]], gear-driven camshafts, and [[dry sump]] lubrication, all of which soon became standard on racing cars; Zuccarelli was killed during testing on public roads,<ref name="autogenerated3"/> but Boillot easily won the event, making him (and Peugeot) the race's first double winner.<ref name="autogenerated5"/> For the 1914 French GP, Peugeot was overmatched by [[Mercedes-Benz in motorsport|Mercedes]], and despite a new innovation, four-wheel brakes (against the Mercedes' rear-only), Georges proved unable to match them and the car broke down.<ref name="autogenerated5"/> (Surprisingly, a 1914 model turned a {{Convert|103|mph|km/h|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} lap in practice at Indy in 1949, yet it failed to qualify.)<ref name="Darke, p.1690.">Darke, p.1690.</ref> Peugeot was more fortunate in 1915, winning at the French GP and [[Vanderbilt Cup]].<ref name="Darke, p.1690."/>

During the [[First World War]], Peugeot turned largely to arms production, becoming a major manufacturer of arms and military vehicles, from armoured cars and bicycles to shells. Between 1917 and 1920 the company produced 4,084 [[Peugeot Type 1525|Type 1525 trucks]].<ref>[[Musée de l'Aventure Peugeot]]. The exhibit label (2012) states: « Le site industriel de Sochaux fut créé en 1912 pour la production des poids lourds. Des différents types de camion Peugeot  produits de 1913 à 1918 celui-ci fut les plus utilise par l’armée française. Au total 6,000 camions Peugeot ravitaillèrent le front de Verdun pendant la 1ère guerre mondiale. Le camion Type 1525  fut produit en 4,084 exemplaires de 1917 à 1920. Moteur 4 cylindres 4,712 cm3, puissance 22 ch., boite de vitesses a 4 rapports, transmission par arbre, roues en acier coule, jumelée à l’arrière, avec bandage caoutchoucs plein, charge utile 4,000 kg. Vitesse max 30 km/h»</ref> Peugeot also manufactured [[aircraft engine]]s. The firm designed and built the [[Peugeot 8Aa]] engines, which equipped the 1,123 [[Voisin VIII]] [[bomber]]s and cannon [[Fighter aircraft|fighters]] used by the [[History of the Armée de l'Air (1909-1942)|Aéronautique Militaire]].<ref name=":Davilla">{{Cite book |last1=Davilla |first1=James J |title=French aircraft of the First World War |last2=Soltan |first2=Arthur M |date=2002 |publisher=Flying Machines Press |isbn=9781891268090 |pages=559}}</ref> Additionally, Peugeot was one of the major license producers of the [[Hispano-Suiza 8]] aero engines which powered many French and British fighter aircraft during the second half of the conflict.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marco |first=Manuel Lage |title=Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics |date=2003 |publisher=SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) |isbn=9780768042719 |location=United States |pages=70}}</ref>

{{gallery
|File:1894 paris-rouen - albert lemaître (peugeot 3hp) 1st.jpg|Paris-Rouen 1894. Albert Lemaître (pictured on left) was classified first in his Peugeot 3&nbsp;hp. Bicycle manufacturer [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard]] was the front passenger.
|File:Peugeot 6HP Vis-à-vis 1898.JPG|Peugeot 6HP Vis-à-vis 1898
|File:Peugeot Typ 19 1899.JPG|Peugeot Type 19, 1899
|File:Peugeot Type 125.jpg|[[Peugeot Type 125]], a midrange car produced in 1910|File:Peugeot Phaeton 139A.JPG|Peugeot, model Phaeton 139A, 1913
|File: Moteur d avion Peugeot L112 1916 DSC 0073.JPG|[[Peugeot 8Aa]], aircraft engine, 1916
}}

===Interwar years===
[[File:EM Peugeot 201 5821.jpg|thumb|[[Peugeot 201]]]]
After the war, car production resumed in earnest. Racing continued as well, with Boillot entering the 1919 [[Targa Florio]] in a 2.5-liter (150-in<sup>3</sup>) car designed for an event pre-empted by World War I; the car had {{convert|200000|km|mi|abbr=on}} on it, yet Boillot won with an impressive drive (the best of his career)<ref name="Darke, p.1690."/> Peugeots in his hands were third in the 1925 Targa, first in the 1922 and 1925 [[Coppa Florio]]s, first in the 1923 and 1925 Touring Car Grands Prix, and first at the 1926 [[Spa 24 Hours]].<ref name="Darke, p.1690."/> Peugeot introduced a five-valve-per-cylinder, triple-overhead-cam engine for the Grand Prix, conceived by [[Marcel Gremillon]] (who had criticised the early DOHC), but the engine was a failure.<ref name="Darke, p.1690."/>

The same year, Peugeot debuted {{Convert|10|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} and {{Convert|14|hp|kW|1|abbr=on|adj=on}} fours, the larger based on the '''Type 153''', and a 6-liter {{Convert|25|hp|kW|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} [[sleeve valve]] six, as well as a new [[cyclecar]], ''La Quadrilette''.<ref name="Darke, p.1690."/>

During the 1920s, Peugeot expanded, in 1926 splitting the cycle (pedal and motor) business off to form Cycles Peugeot, the consistently profitable cycle division seeking to free itself from the rather more cyclical auto business, and taking over the defunct [[Bellanger]] and [[de Dion-Bouton|De Dion]] companies in 1927.<ref name="Darke, p.1690."/> In 1928, the '''Type 183''' was introduced.
<div style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width: 30.5em; text-align: right; font-size: 0.86em; font-family: lucida grande, sans-serif; line-height: normal;">
<div style="border:1px solid #999; background:#fff; text-align:left; padding:1em; text-align:left;">''Peugeot Sochaux production (units):
:::* 1930 43,303<ref name=Automobilia1932/>
:::* 1931 33,322<ref name=Automobilia1932/>
:::* 1932 28,317<ref name=Automobilia1932/>

:Soon after the timely introduction of the [[Peugeot 201]], the [[Great Depression]] hit all the French auto-makers: Peugeot sales slumped, but the company survived.<ref name=Automobilia1932>{{cite journal| title =Automobilia| journal = Toutes les Voitures Françaises 1932 (Salon [Paris, Oct] 1931)| volume = 80s| page = 74|year = 2006|publisher=Histoire & collections|location=Paris }}</ref></div></div>
New for 1929 was the [[Peugeot 201]], the cheapest car on the French market,<ref name="Darke, p.1690."/> and the first to use the later Peugeot trademark (and registered as such)—three digits with a central zero. The 201 would get independent front suspension in 1931,<ref>Darke, p.1692.</ref> Soon afterwards, the Depression hit; Peugeot sales decreased, but the company survived. The Peugeot system of using three-digit names with a central 0 was introduced in 1929. The first digit has always signified the car's size and the final digit has indicated the generation of the vehicle.

In 1933, attempting a revival of fortune, the company unveiled a new, aerodynamically styled range. In 1934, Peugeot introduced the '''402 BL Éclipse Décapotable''', the first convertible with a [[retractable hardtop]]<ref name="Odin, L.C. 1939">Odin, L.C. ''World in Motion 1939, The whole of the year's automobile production''. Belvedere Publishing, 2015. ASIN: B00ZLN91ZG.</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yN8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA253 |title=Disappearing Top on Auto Worked By Push Button |magazine=Popular Mechanics |date=February 1935 |volume=63 |issue=2 |page=253|publisher=Hearst Magazines }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QdsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA43 |title=Latest Foreign Auto Has Disappearing Top |magazine=Popular Mechanics |date=January 1936 |volume=65 |issue=1 |page=43|publisher=Hearst Magazines }}</ref>&nbsp;— an idea followed later by the [[Ford Skyliner (disambiguation)|Ford Skyliner]] in the 1950s and revived in the modern era by the [[Mitsubishi 3000GT|Mitsubishi 3000GT Spyder]] in 1995. More recently, many manufacturers have offered retractable hardtops, including Peugeot itself with the 206-cc.

Three models of the 1930s were the [[Peugeot 202]], [[Peugeot 302]], and [[Peugeot 402]]. These cars had curvaceous designs, with headlights behind sloping grille bars, evidently inspired by the [[Chrysler Airflow]].<ref name="Odin, L.C. 1939"/><ref name="Darke, p.1693.">Darke, p.1693.</ref> The 2.1-liter<ref name="Darke, p.1693."/> 402 entered production in 1935 and was produced until the end of 1941, despite France's occupation by the Nazis. For 1936, the new Airflow-inspired 302 (which ran until 1938) and a 402-based large model, designed by Andrean, featured a vertical fin and bumper, with the first high-mounted taillight.<ref name="Darke, p.1693."/> The entry-level 202 was built in series from 1938 to 1942, and about 20 more examples were built from existing stocks of supplies in February 1945. The 202 lifted Peugeot's sales in 1939 to 52,796, just behind [[Citroën]].<ref name="Darke, p.1694.">Darke, p.1694.</ref> Regular production began again in mid-1946, and lasted into 1949.

{{gallery
|File:Peugeot Type 163 Torpedo 1921.jpg|[[Peugeot Type 163]], produced from 1919 to 1924|File:Peugeot-Kegresse-1923.jpg|Experimental Peugeot-[[Kégresse track]] armoured car being tested in 1923
|File:Peugeot Type 177 03.jpg|[[Peugeot Type 177]], produced from 1924 to 1929|File:Peugeot 202 2-door cabriolet outside the museum workshop at Sochaux 02.JPG|[[Peugeot 202]] cabriolet. The protected position of the headlights behind the grill became a key identifier for the Peugeot brand during the 1930s.
|File:Peugeot 601 C Eclipse 1934 Pourtout.jpg|Peugeot 601 C Eclipse 1934 [[Carrosserie Pourtout|Pourtout]]
}}

===During World War II===
{{expand section|date=January 2025}}
Peugeot assisted the German war effort by manufacturing armored vehicles.

===After World War II===
In 1946,<ref name="Darke, p.1694."/> the company restarted car production with the 202, delivering 14,000 copies.<ref name="Darke, p.1693."/> In 1947, Peugeot introduced the [[Peugeot 203]], with coil springs, rack-and-pinion steering, and hydraulic brakes.<ref name="Darke, p.1694."/> The 203 set new Peugeot sales records, remaining in production until 1960.<ref name="Darke, p.1693."/>

Peugeot took over [[Chenard-Walcker]] in 1950, having already been required to acquire a controlling interest in [[Automobiles Hotchkiss]] in 1942.<ref name="Darke, p.1694."/> A popular model introduced in 1955 was the [[Peugeot 403]]. With a 1.5-liter engine, it sold one million copies by the end of its production run in 1962.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

The company began selling cars in the United States in 1958, and in 1960 introduced the [[Peugeot 404]], which used a {{Convert|1618|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on|adj=on}} engine, tilted 45 degrees. The 404 proved rugged enough to win the [[East African Safari Rally]] four times, in 1963, 1966, 1967, and 1968.

More models followed, many styled by [[Pininfarina]], such as the [[Peugeot 504|504]], one of Peugeot's most distinctive models. Like many European manufacturers, collaboration with other firms increased; Peugeot worked with [[Renault]] from 1966 and [[Volvo Cars|Volvo]] from 1972. The results of this cooperation included the development of the [[V6 PRV engine]], which was first manufactured in 1974.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jalopnik.com/do-you-believe-the-prv-v6-is-the-best-engine-of-all-tim-1826243096 |title=Do You Believe The PRV V6 Is The Best Engine Of All Time? Get Ready To Get Mad Online |last=Orlove |first=Raphael |date=23 May 2018 |website=[[Jalopnik]] |access-date=31 May 2021}}</ref>

Several Peugeot models were assembled in Australia, commencing with the 203 in 1953.<ref name=Australia>
[http://www.peugeot.com.au/peugeot-in-australia/ Peugeot in Australia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082943/http://www.peugeot.com.au/peugeot-in-australia/ |date=14 January 2012 }} Retrieved on 31 August 2010</ref> These were followed by 403, 404 and 504 models with Australian assembly ending with the 505 in the early 1980s.<ref name=Australia/>

{{gallery
|File:Peugeot 203A BW 2017-07-16 13-55-02.jpg|[[Peugeot 203]]
|File:Peugeot 403 2014-09-07 13-01-55.jpg|[[Peugeot 403]]
|File:Peugeot 404 coupé.jpg|[[Peugeot 404]] coupé
|File:Peugeot 204 front 20120630.jpg|The [[Peugeot 204]] was the manufacturer's first front wheel drive model and the best selling car in France in 1969, 1970 and 1971.
|File:Peugeot 504 - Flickr - Joost J. Bakker IJmuiden (2).jpg|[[Peugeot 504]], 1969 [[European Car of the Year]]
}}

===Takeover of Citroën and Chrysler Europe===
In 1974, Peugeot bought a 30% share of Citroën and took over it completely in 1975 after the French government gave large sums of money to the new company. Citroën was in financial trouble because it [[research|developed]] too many radical new models for its financial resources. Some of them, notably the [[Citroën SM]] and the [[Comotor]] [[Wankel engine]] venture proved unprofitable. Others, the [[Citroën CX]] and [[Citroën GS]] for example, proved very successful in the marketplace.<ref name="Rehman 2024 d321">{{cite web | last=Rehman | first=Mohammed | title=Peugeot confirms 2024 drivers as Vandoorne ready for full-time WEC return | website=Motorsport Week | date=19 Jan 2024 | url=https://www.motorsportweek.com/2024/01/19/peugeot-confirms-2024-drivers-as-vandoorne-ready-for-full-time-wec-return/ | access-date=20 Jan 2024}}</ref>

The joint parent company became the [[Groupe PSA|PSA Peugeot Citroën]] group, which aimed to keep separate identities for both the Peugeot and Citroën brands while sharing engineering and technical resources. Peugeot thus briefly controlled the Italian [[Maserati]] marque, but disposed of it in May 1975.

The group then took over [[Chrysler Europe|the European division]] of [[Chrysler]] (which were formerly [[Rootes Group|Rootes]] and [[Simca]]) in 1978 as the American auto manufacturer struggled to survive. Soon, the whole Chrysler/Simca range was sold under the revived [[Talbot (automobile)|Talbot]] badge until the production of Talbot-branded passenger cars was shelved in 1987 and on commercial vehicles in 1992.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aronline.co.uk/index.htm?c2storyf.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718070434/http://www.aronline.co.uk/index.htm?c2storyf.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 July 2012|title=Austin Rover Online|publisher=Aronline.co.uk|access-date=2 May 2011}}</ref>

===1980s and 1990s===
[[File:Pug205gti vorn.jpg|thumb|[[Peugeot 205]]]]

In 1983, Peugeot launched the successful [[Peugeot 205]] supermini, which is largely credited for turning the company's fortunes around. The 205 was regularly the bestselling car in France, and was also popular in other parts of Europe, including Britain, where sales regularly topped 50,000 a year by the late 1980s. It won plaudits for its styling, ride and handling. It remained on sale in many markets until 1998, overlapping with the introduction of the [[Peugeot 106|106]] in 1991, and ceasing production at the launch of the [[Peugeot 206|206]], the best-selling Peugeot model of all time, with 8,358,217 cars sold by 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.actu-automobile.com/2012/12/18/peugeot-206-fin-de-la-production/|title=Peugeot 206+ : fin de la production|last=Rabatel|first=Sébastien|date=18 December 2012|website=- Actu automobile|access-date=6 March 2017}}</ref>

As part of the [[Guangzhou Peugeot Automobile Company]] (GPAC) joint venture, the [[Peugeot 504]] and [[Peugeot 505|505]] were built in China from 1985 to 1997.

[[File:2000 Peugeot 306 Meridian 1.6.jpg|thumb|left|[[Peugeot 306]]]]
By 1987, the company had dropped the Talbot brand for passenger cars when it ceased production of the Simca-based [[Chrysler Horizon|Horizon]], [[Simca Alpine|Alpine]], and [[Talbot Solara|Solara]] models, as well as the [[Talbot Samba]] supermini which was based on the [[Peugeot 104]]. What was to be called the Talbot Arizona became the [[Peugeot 309]], with the former Rootes plant in [[Ryton-on-Dunsmore|Ryton]] and Simca plant in [[Poissy]] being turned over for Peugeot assembly. Producing Peugeots in Ryton was significant, as it signalled the first time Peugeots would be built in Britain. The 309 was the first Peugeot-badged [[hatchback]] of its size, and sold well across Europe. The 309's successor, the 306, was also built at Ryton.

The [[Peugeot 405|405]] saloon was launched in 1987 to compete with the likes of the [[Ford Sierra]], and was voted [[European Car of the Year]]. This, too, was a popular car across Europe, and continued to be available in Africa and Asia after it was replaced by the [[Peugeot 406|406]] nearly a decade later. Production of the 405 in Europe was divided between Britain and France, although its 406 successor was only produced in France. The 106, Peugeot's entry-level model from 1991, was also produced solely in France.

[[File:2003 Peugeot 406 HDi Coupe SE 2.2 Front.jpg|thumb|[[Peugeot 406]] coupé]]

The Talbot name survived for a little longer on commercial vehicles until 1992 before being shelved completely. As experienced by other European volume car makers, Peugeot's United States and Canadian sales faltered and finally became uneconomical, as the [[Peugeot 505]] design aged. For a time, distribution in the Canadian market was handled by [[Chrysler]]. Several ideas to turn around sales in the United States, such as including the Peugeot 205 in its lineup, were considered but not pursued. In the early 1990s, the newly introduced [[Peugeot 405|405]] proved uncompetitive with domestic and import models in the same market segment, and sold less than 1,000 units. Total sales fell to 4,261 units in 1990 and 2,240 through July 1991, which caused the company to cease its U.S. and Canada operations after 33 years.

[[File:2002 Peugeot 206 LX 1.4 Front.jpg|thumb|left|[[Peugeot 206]]]]
In 1997, just six years after pulling out of both United States and Canadian markets, Peugeot returned to Mexico after a 36-year absence, under the [[Chile–Mexico Free Trade Agreement]]. However, Peugeot models (1997–present) are not to be bought or imported into the United States from Mexico.
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===2000s to present===
On 18 April 2006, PSA Peugeot Citroën announced the closure of the Ryton manufacturing facility in [[Coventry]], England. This announcement resulted in the loss of 2,300 jobs, as well as about 5,000 jobs in the supply chain. The plant produced its last [[Peugeot 206]] on 12 December 2006, and finally closed down in January 2007.<ref name="Bureau 2023 z794">{{cite web | title=Peugeot's new fastback SUV, E-3008, is open for orders | website=ETAuto.com | date=27 Nov 2023 | url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/passenger-vehicle/peugeots-new-fastback-suv-e-3008-is-open-for-orders/105529832 | access-date=20 Jan 2024}}</ref>

Peugeot set an ambitious target of selling 4 million units annually by the end of the decade. In 2008, its sales stayed below the 2 million mark. In mid-2009, "adverse market and industry conditions" were blamed for falls in sales and operating losses. Christian Streiff was replaced by [[Philippe Varin]] (CEO) and Jean-Pierre Ploué (head of design) was transferred from his post at Citroën. In 2009, Peugeot returned to the Canadian market with the scooter brand only.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2009 |title=Peugeot scooters are back |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/reviews/new-cars/peugeot-scooters-are-back/article1348551/ |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=The Globe and Mail}}</ref>

Peugeot still plans on developing new models to compete in segments where it currently does not compete. Collin said that the French automaker competed in 72% of market segments in 2007, but he wanted to get that figure up to 90%. Despite Peugeot's sportscar racing program, the company is not prepared to build a pure sportscar any more hardcore than the RC Z sports-coupe. It is also pursuing government funding to develop a diesel-hybrid [[drivetrain]], which might be key to its expansion.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

[[File:Peugeot-logo.svg|thumb|150px|Peugeot's previous logo was introduced on 8 January 2010 and it was used around 11 years until 24 February 2021]]
By 2010, Peugeot planned on pursuing new markets, mainly in China, Russia, and South America. In 2011 it decided to re-enter India after 14 years with a new factory at [[Sanand]], [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autocarindia.com/News/278944,peugeot-marks-re-entry-into-india.aspx|title=Peugeot marks re-entry into India - News|publisher=Autocar India|date=3 November 2011|access-date=28 November 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207003018/http://www.autocarindia.com/News/278944,peugeot-marks-re-entry-into-india.aspx|archive-date=7 December 2011}}</ref>

Peugeot re-entered the Philippines in 2012 after having a short presence in 2005 with distribution done by the Alvarez Group.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://business.inquirer.net/89024/peugeot-returns-to-the-philippines-under-the-alvarez-group|title=Peugeot returns to the Philippines under the Alvarez group - Inquirer Business|date=23 October 2012|access-date=14 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20140914150855/http://business.inquirer.net/89024/peugeot-returns-to-the-philippines-under-the-alvarez-group|archive-date=14 September 2014}}</ref>

In March 2012, [[General Motors]] purchased a 7% share in Peugeot for 320 million euros as part of a cooperation aimed at finding savings through joint purchasing and [[product development]]. In December 2013, GM sold its entire Peugeot stake, taking a loss of about 70 million euros.<ref>{{cite news|title=Peugeot Plunges After GM Sells Entire 7% Holding|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-12/gm-announces-its-selling-off-entire-7-stake-in-peugeot-citroen.html|work=Bloomberg|access-date=19 February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219064059/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-12-12/gm-announces-its-selling-off-entire-7-stake-in-peugeot-citroen.html|archive-date=19 February 2014}}</ref>

In October 2013, Peugeot closed their production plant at [[Aulnay-sous-Bois]] as part of a [[restructuring]] plan to reduce overcapacity in the face of a shrinking domestic market.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/26/business/international/end-of-plant-reflects-a-weakened-peugeot.html|title=End of a Line Reflects a Weakened Peugeot|first=David|last=Jolly|newspaper=The New York Times|date=25 October 2013|access-date=1 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104132634/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/26/business/international/end-of-plant-reflects-a-weakened-peugeot.html|archive-date=4 November 2017}}</ref> By December 2013, Chinese investors were rumoured to be potential investors.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/13/business/international/peugeot-in-talks-over-investment-from-china.html|title=Investment From China May Be Near for Peugeot|first=David|last=Jolly|newspaper=The New York Times|date=12 December 2013|access-date=1 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105162047/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/13/business/international/peugeot-in-talks-over-investment-from-china.html|archive-date=5 November 2017}}</ref> In February 2014, the Peugeot family agreed to give up control of the company by reducing its holdings from 25% to 14%. As part of this agreement, [[Dongfeng Motors]] and the French government were each to buy 14% stakes in the company, creating three partners with equal voting rights.<ref name=time>{{cite magazine|title=Dongfeng, French Government to Invest in Peugeot |url=http://business.time.com/2014/02/18/chinese-automaker-dongfeng-to-invest-1-1-billion-in-peugeot/ |magazine=Time |access-date=19 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219051052/http://business.time.com/2014/02/18/chinese-automaker-dongfeng-to-invest-1-1-billion-in-peugeot/ |archive-date=19 February 2014 }}</ref><ref name=nytfeb18>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/19/business/international/chinese-firm-and-france-to-buy-stakes-in-peugeot.html?hpw&rref=automobiles&_r=0|title="Chinese Firm and France to Buy Stakes in Peugeot" 18 February 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|date=18 February 2014|access-date=14 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111051637/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/19/business/international/chinese-firm-and-france-to-buy-stakes-in-peugeot.html?hpw&rref=automobiles&_r=0|archive-date=11 November 2014|last1=Gough|first1=Neil|last2=Jolly|first2=David}}</ref><ref name=nytfeb20>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/20/business/chinese-automaker-and-french-government-to-invest-in-peugeot.html?hpw&rref=business|title=After two centuries, Peugeot family cedes control|newspaper=The New York Times|date=19 February 2014|access-date=14 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111051724/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/20/business/chinese-automaker-and-french-government-to-invest-in-peugeot.html?hpw&rref=business|archive-date=11 November 2014|last1=Jolly|first1=David}}</ref> The board of directors was to be composed of six independent members, two representatives of each Dongfeng, the French state and the Peugeot family, and two members representing employees and employees shareholders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finanznachrichten.de/nachrichten-2014-02/29457016-psa-peugeot-citroen-announces-major-business-and-financial-projects-for-the-development-and-growth-of-the-group-004.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226021621/http://www.finanznachrichten.de/nachrichten-2014-02/29457016-psa-peugeot-citroen-announces-major-business-and-financial-projects-for-the-development-and-growth-of-the-group-004.htm|archive-date=26 February 2014|url-status=dead|title=PSA Peugeot Citroën announces major business and financial projects for the development and growth of the Group|date=19 February 2014|work=FinanzNachrichten.de|access-date=14 September 2014}}</ref> The French government took the view the deal did not require approval by Brussels as [[European Union competition law|EU competition rules]] do not count public investment in a company on the same terms as a private investor as state aid.<ref>''FT''. 19 February 2014 "Lossmaking Peugeot confirms €3bn deal with Dongfeng and France By Michael Stothard in Paris and Henry Foy in London"</ref> The equity participation by Dongfeng expanded an already budding relationship with Peugeot. The pair at the time were jointly operating three car-manufacturing plants in China, with a capacity of producing 750,000 vehicles a year. In July 2014, the joint venture, [[Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën]], disclosed they were building a fourth factory in China in [[Chengdu]], in [[Sichuan]] Province, targeting the manufacture of 300,000 [[Sport-utility vehicle|sport-utility]] and multipurpose vehicles a year, starting towards the end of 2016.<ref name="ChingduPeugeot">{{cite news|title=Partners Peugeot and Dongfeng to build fourth car factory in Sichuan|url=http://www.chinanews.net/index.php/sid/223470675/scat/9366300fc9319e9b/ht/Partners-Peugeot-and-Dongfeng-to-build-fourth-car-factory-in-Sichuan|access-date=3 July 2014|publisher=China News.Net|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714153758/http://www.chinanews.net/index.php/sid/223470675/scat/9366300fc9319e9b/ht/Partners-Peugeot-and-Dongfeng-to-build-fourth-car-factory-in-Sichuan|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>
In January 2015, Indian multinational automotive giant [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] purchased a major stake of 51% of Peugeot Motocycles for a price of 28 million euro.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/news/two-wheelers/motorcycles/mahindra-completes-51-stake-acquisition-in-peugeot-motocycles/articleshow/45956492.cms|title=Mahindra completes 51% stake acquisition in Peugeot Motocycles|date=1 May 2018|access-date=1 May 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806192453/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/news/two-wheelers/motorcycles/mahindra-completes-51-stake-acquisition-in-peugeot-motocycles/articleshow/45956492.cms|archive-date=6 August 2017}}</ref>

In 2015, the Spanish [[National Commission on Markets and Competition]] fined Peugeot España, S.A. with over 15 million euros because it operated a [[cartel]] with other car builders and sellers controlling 91% of the Spanish market between 2006 and 2013. They shared information about sales and repairs anti-competitively.<ref name="CNMC">{{cite news |title=La CNMC multa con 171 millones de euros a veintiuna empresas fabricantes y distribuidoras de marcas de automóviles en España y a dos empresas consultoras por prácticas restrictivas de la competencia {{!}} CNMC |url=https://www.cnmc.es/la-cnmc-multa-con-171-millones-de-euros-veintiuna-empresas-fabricantes-y-distribuidoras-de-marcas |access-date=3 February 2025 |work=www.cnmc.es |date=22 January 2025 |language=es-ES |quote=Peugeot España, S.A.: 15,722 millones de euros [...] Además, se proceda al archivo de las actuaciones seguidas contra Peugeot Citroën Automóviles España, S.A., Renault España, S.A. y Orio Spain por no haber quedado acreditada la comisión de infracción por dichas empresas.}}</ref>

In 2020, it was announced that a merger of [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles]] (FCA) and PSA is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2021. The combined company will be called [[Stellantis]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Naughton|first=Nora|date=15 July 2020|title=Fiat Chrysler to Be Renamed Stellantis After Merger With PSA|language=en-US|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/merged-fiat-chrysler-psa-company-to-be-named-stellantis-11594837979|access-date=22 July 2020|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> The merger was confirmed on 4 January 2021, after an overwhelming vote of shareholders from both companies and the deal officially closed on 16 January 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fiat Chrysler and Peugeot shareholders vote to merge, creating world's fourth-largest car maker|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/autos/peugeot-shareholders-vote-merge-fiat-chrysler-creating-world-s-fourth-n1252712|access-date=4 January 2021|website=NBC News|date=4 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>