Editing Petoskey, Michigan (section)

==History==
{{See also|History of Northern Michigan}}{{Cleanup rewrite|date=December 2022|it has multiple grammatical and spelling errors|section=yes}}[[Image:Michigan railroad map 1876.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|By 1876, the [[Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad]] had built a line north to Petoskey. Petoskey became the county seat of [[Emmet County, Michigan|Emmet County]] in 1902.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kilborn|first1=Harriet|title=History of Emmet County|url=http://apps1.emmetcounty.org/history.htm|publisher=Emmet County website|access-date=7 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202102748/http://apps1.emmetcounty.org/history.htm|archive-date=December 2, 2009|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>]]

===Odawa inhabitants===
The Little Traverse Bay area was long inhabited by indigenous peoples, including the [[Odawa people]]. The name ''Petoskey'' is said to mean "where the light shines through the clouds" in the language of the [[Odawa people|Odawa]]. After the 1836 [[Treaty of Washington (1836)|Treaty of Washington]], Odawa Chief [[Pet-O-Sega|Ignatius Petosega]] (1787–1885) took the opportunity to purchase lands near the Bear River. Petosega's father was [[Antoine Carre (explorer)|Antoine Carre]], a [[French Canadian]] [[fur trader]] and his mother was Odawa.<ref>Vogel, Virgil J. (1986). ''Indian Names in Michigan'', pp. 45–46. University of Michigan Press. {{ISBN|0-472-06365-0}}.</ref>

===Early Presbyterian missions===
By the 1850s, several religious groups had established missions near the Little Traverse Bay. A Mormon offshoot had been based at [[Beaver Island (Lake Michigan)|Beaver Island]], the Jesuit missionaries had been based at [[L'arbor Croche]] and [[Michilimackinac]], with a Catholic presence in Harbor Springs, then known as "Little Traverse".<ref>{{cite web |title=History of St. Francis |url=http://www.petoskeysfx.org/history.html |website=petoskeysfx.org |quote=The first Catholic Church was built in Petoskey around 1859 by Father Sifferath, who was stationed in Harbor Springs}}</ref> Andrew Porter, a Presbyterian missionary, arrived at the village of Bear River (as it was then called) in 1852.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hellmann|first1=Paul T.|title=Historical Gazetteer of the United States|date=2005|publisher=Routledge (Taylor & Francis Books)|location=New York|isbn=0-415-93948-8|page=555|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REtEXQNWq6MC&q=andrew+porter+1852+presbyterian&pg=PA555|access-date=3 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Little Traverse Bay|url=http://www.michmarkers.com/startup.asp?startpage=S0166.htm|website=michmarkers.com|access-date=3 May 2016|quote=Petoskey, named for Chief Pe-to-se-ga of the Bear River Band was first settled in 1852 by Andrew Porter, a Presbyterian missionary.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710164014/http://www.michmarkers.com/startup.asp?startpage=S0166.htm|archive-date=July 10, 2018|url-status=usurped|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Pioneer commercial interests===
Amos Fox and Hirem Obed Rose were pioneer entrepreneurs who had made money during both the [[California Gold Rush]] and at Northport selling lumber and goods to passing ships. Originally based at Northport, in the 1850s Rose and Fox<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sprague |first1=Elvin L. |last2=Smith |first2=Mrs George N. |title=Sprague's History of Grand Traverse and Leelanaw Counties, Michigan: Embracing a Concise Review of Their Early Settlement, Industrial Development and Present Conditions, Together with Interesting Reminiscences |date=1903 |publisher=B.F. Bowen |page=345 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6WI0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA345}}</ref> (or Fox & Rose)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fuller |first1=George Newman |last2=Beeson |first2=Lewis |title=Michigan History |date=1918 |publisher=Michigan History Division of the Department of State |page=392 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QshKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA392}}</ref> expanded their business interests to Charlevoix and Petoskey. Rose also earned income as part of a business partnership that extended the railroad from Walton Junction to Traverse City.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bowen|first1=B.F.|title=Biographical History of Northern Michigan|date=1905|publisher=B.F. Bowen & Co.|location=Alpena County (Mich.)|page=499|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljkaAQAAMAAJ&q=Rose+fox+northport+michigan&pg=PA482}}</ref> H.O. Rose, along with Archibald Buttars,<ref>{{cite book |last1=ANDERSON |first1=S. E. WAIT and W. S. |title=OLD SETTLERS OF THE Grand Traverse Region |date=1918 |page=49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TG_sxY4KrgC&pg=PA49}}</ref> established a general merchandise business in Petoskey.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bowen|first1=B.F.|title=Biographical History of Northern Michigan|date=1905|publisher=B.F. Bowen & Co.|location=Alpena County (Mich.)|pages=482, 486–499|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljkaAQAAMAAJ&q=Rose+fox+northport+michigan&pg=PA482}}</ref>

After the partnership split, Rose relocated to Petoskey and in 1873 built the first dock in the town.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bowen|first1=B.F.|title=Biographical History of Northern Michigan|date=1905|publisher=B.F. Bowen & Co.|location=Alpena County (Mich.)|page=498|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljkaAQAAMAAJ&q=Rose+fox+northport+michigan&pg=PA482}}</ref> When the [[Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad]] was about to be extended into the [[Bay View, Michigan|Bay View]] area, Rose purchased much land in that area, as well as trolley cars, to enable transport between Petoskey and Bay View.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Agria |first1=John J. |last2=Agria |first2=Mary A. |title=Bay View |date=2014 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-1-4671-1166-9 |page=30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UO5gAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30}}</ref> Rose also developed the first general store, extensive lime quarries ([[Michigan Limestone Company]], aka [[Petoskey Lime Company]];<ref>{{cite book |author1=United States Army Corps of Engineers |title=Report of the Chief of Engineers U.S. Army |date=1890 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |page=2672 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTvYntmuiNsC&pg=PA2672}}</ref>),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Federspiel |first1=Michael |title=Little Traverse Bay, Past and Present |date=2014 |publisher=Wayne State University Press |isbn=978-0-8143-3820-9 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eFHYAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5}}</ref> building the Arlington Hotel, and lumbering enterprises, and harbor improvements in 1893.<ref>{{cite book |title=United States Congressional serial set |date=1895 |page=2911 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CYc3AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2911}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=United States Congressional Serial Set |date=1897 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |page=2944 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zCtHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2944}}</ref> He served as first president of the village and officiated at early commemorative public events.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kilborn |first1=Harriet |title=The History of Petoskey Area |url=http://deemamafred.tripod.com/emhist.html |website=deemamafred.tripod.com |date=1960 |quote=Welcoming the first train to Petoskey on November 25, 1873, "H. 0. Rose was on hand to do the official "welcoming" honors."}}</ref><ref name="page">{{cite book|title=The Traverse Region, Historical and Descriptive: With Illustrations|date=1884|publisher=H. R. Page & Co.|location=Chicago|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bad0776.0001.001.umich.edu/page/154 154]–155, 160|url=https://archive.org/details/bad0776.0001.001.umich.edu|quote=The Traverse Region, historical and descriptive.|access-date=3 February 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Rose's influence on the city was also commemorated by the naming of the H. O. Rose room at the Perry Hotel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.staffords.com/perry-hotel/dine-perry-hotel/h-o-rose-dining-room/|title=H.O. Rose Dining Room, Perry Hotel Restaurant, Petoskey|publisher=Staffords.com|access-date=May 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508123212/http://www.staffords.com/perry-hotel/dine-perry-hotel/h-o-rose-dining-room/|archive-date=May 8, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Passenger Pigeons ===
[[File:Petoskey, Michigan from the harbor (NBY 2798).jpg|thumb|left|Petoskey viewed from the harbor, circa 1900s]]

In the late 19th century, Petoskey was in the region of Northern Michigan where 50,000 passenger pigeon birds were killed daily in massive hunts, leading to their complete extinction in the early 20th century.<ref name="SI">{{cite web|url=http://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/passpig.htm|author=Department of Vertebrate Zoology, [[National Museum of Natural History]] in cooperation with the Public Inquiry Mail Service|title=The Passenger Pigeon|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]|date=March 2001|access-date=February 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313223001/http://www.si.edu/encyclopedia_Si/nmnh/passpig.htm|archive-date=March 13, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A state historical marker memorializes these events, including the last great nesting of the passenger pigeons at Crooked Lake in 1878.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ulala.org/P_Pigeon/Petosky.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010303160125/http://www.ulala.org/P_Pigeon/Petosky.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=March 3, 2001 |title=Last Great Gathering of Passenger Pigeons, Crooked Lake Nesting Colony|location=Petoskey, Michigan |publisher=Michigan state historical marker|access-date=February 29, 2012}}</ref> One hunter was reputed to have personally killed "a million birds" and earned $60,000, the equivalent of $1 million today.<ref name="life">{{cite web |url=http://lifeofbirds.com/2007/01/06/was-martha-the-last-pigeon-de-passage/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009155102/http://lifeofbirds.com/2007/01/06/was-martha-the-last-pigeon-de-passage/ |archive-date=October 9, 2007 |publisher=Life of Birds website|title=Was Martha the last "Pigean de passage"? lifeofbirds.com |date=January 6, 2007 |access-date=February 29, 2012}} at [[Wayback Machine]]</ref>

Petoskey is noted for a high concentration of ancient fossil coral, now named [[Petoskey stone]]s, designated as the [[List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones|state stone]] of Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Petoskey Stone |url=https://petoskeyarea.com/media/petoskey-stone/ |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=Petoskey Area |language=en-US}}</ref>

This city was the northern terminus of the [[Chicago and West Michigan Railway]].

With members descended from the numerous bands in northern Michigan, the [[Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians|Little Traverse Bay Band]] is a federally recognized tribe that has its headquarters at nearby [[Harbor Springs, Michigan]]. It also owns and operates a gaming casino in Petoskey.