Editing Peter I Island (section)

== History ==
The first sighting of Peter I Island was made on 21 October 1821 by [[Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen]]'s expedition,<ref name=r180>Rubin (2005): 180</ref> who commanded the ships ''Vostok'' and ''Mirny'' under the [[Russian flag]]. He named the island after Tsar [[Peter I the Great|Peter I]] of Russia. [[Drift ice]] made it impossible for Bellinghausen to come nearer than {{convert|25|km|sp=us}} from the island. It was the first land to have been spotted south of the [[Antarctic Circle]], and was thus also the southernmost sighted land at the time of its discovery.<ref name=b67>Barr (1987): 67</ref> In January 1910, the French expedition led by [[Jean-Baptiste Charcot]] and his ship ''[[Pourquoi-Pas (1908)|Pourquoi-Pas]]'' confirmed Bellingshausen's discovery, but they also did not land, being stopped {{convert|5|km|sp=us}} from the island by pack ice.<ref name=b67/>

[[File:Peter I Island 1929A.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|left|The first landing on the island (1929)]]
In 1926 and 1927, the Norwegian sailor Eyvind Tofte [[Circumnavigation|circumnavigated]] and surveyed the island from ''Odd I''. However, he was also prevented from landing.<ref name=b67/> The Norwegian whale-ship owner [[Lars Christensen]] financed several expeditions to the Antarctic, in part for research and in part to claim land for Norway. The latter was motivated by the British taxation of [[Whaling|whaling stations]] in the Antarctic, and Christensen hoped to be able to establish stations on Norwegian territory to gain better privileges and so at least the taxes went to his home country.<ref name=k52>Kyvik ''et al.'' (2008): 52</ref> The first expedition to land on the island was the Christensen-financed second ''Norvegia'' expedition, led by Nils Larsen and Ola Olstad. They landed on 2 February 1929 and claimed the island for Norway. Larsen attempted to land again in 1931, but was hindered by pack ice.<ref name=b67 /> On 6 March 1931, a Norwegian royal proclamation declared the island under Norwegian [[sovereignty]]<ref name=k52 /> and on 23 March 1933 the island was declared a dependency.<ref name=b67 /><ref name=ld>{{cite web |title=Lov om Bouvet-øya, Peter I's øy og Dronning Maud Land m.m. (bilandsloven) |url=http://www.lovdata.no/all/tl-19300227-003-0.html#1 |publisher=Lovdata |access-date=29 August 2011 |archive-date=2 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231248/http://www.lovdata.no/all/tl-19300227-003-0.html#1 |language=no}}</ref>

The next landing occurred on 10 February 1948 by Larsen's ship ''Brategg''. [[Biosurvey|Biological]], [[Geological survey|geological]] and [[hydrographic survey]]s underwent for three days, before the pack ice forced the expedition to leave. The expedition built a hut and placed a copy of the document of occupation from 1929 inside. On 23 June 1961, Peter I Island became subject to the [[Antarctic Treaty]], after Norway's signing of the treaty in 1959.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parties |url=http://www.ats.aq/devAS/ats_parties.aspx?lang=e |publisher=Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty |access-date=29 August 2011 |archive-date=22 April 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422184735/http://www.ats.aq/devAS/ats_parties.aspx?lang=e}}</ref><ref>Barr (1987): 79</ref> Since then, there have been several landings on the island by various nations for scientific investigations,<ref name=b67/> as well as a limited number of ships that have successfully landed [[Tourism in Antarctica|tourists]] on the island.<ref name=r180/>

In 1987, the [[Norwegian Polar Institute]] sent five scientists to spend eleven days on the island. The main focuses were [[aerial photography]] and [[Topography|topographical]] measurements to allow an accurate map of the island to be produced. The second important area was marine biological investigations, although also geological, biological and other surveys were conducted. The team also built an automatic [[weather station]].<ref>Barr (1987): 68</ref> Three [[DX-pedition]]s have been sent to the island, in 1987, 1994 and 2006.<ref>{{cite web |title=The FIRST Peter One DXpedition, 1987 |url=http://www.peterone.com/1987.htm |publisher=Peter One |access-date=29 August 2011 |archive-date=15 October 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041015042259/http://www.peterone.com/1987.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The 1994 Peter I 3YØPI Expedition |url=http://www.peterone.com/3y0pi.html |publisher=Peter One |access-date=29 August 2011 |archive-date=14 October 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041014005735/http://www.peterone.com/3y0pi.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=We hope you enjoyed the 3YØX DX-perience! |url=http://www.peterone.com/ |publisher=Peter One |access-date=29 August 2011 |archive-date=13 February 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040213114558/http://www.peterone.com/}}</ref>