Editing Peter Handke (section)

== Life ==
=== Early life and family ===
Handke was born in [[Griffen, Austria|Griffen]], then in the [[Nazi Germany|German Reich]]'s [[Reichsgau Carinthia]].<ref name="Britannica" /> His father, Erich Schönemann, was a bank clerk and German soldier whom Handke did not meet until adulthood. His mother Maria, a [[Carinthian Slovenes|Carinthian Slovene]], married Bruno Handke, a tram conductor and [[Wehrmacht]] soldier from Berlin, before Peter was born.<ref name="Munzinger" /> The family lived in the Soviet-occupied [[Pankow (locality)|Pankow]] district of Berlin from 1944 to 1948, where Maria Handke had two more children: Peter's half-sister and half-brother. Then the family moved to his mother's home town of Griffen. Peter experienced his stepfather as more and more violent due to [[alcoholism]].<ref name="Munzinger" /><!-- and the limited cultural life of the small town contributed to Handke's antipathy to habit and restrictiveness. -- look for ref-->

In 1954, Handke was sent to the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] ''Marianum'' boys' [[boarding school]] at [[Tanzenberg Castle]] in [[Sankt Veit an der Glan]]. There, he published his first writing in the school newspaper, ''Fackel''.<ref name="Munzinger" /> In 1959, he moved to [[Klagenfurt]], where he went to high school, and commenced law studies at the [[University of Graz]] in 1961.<ref name="Britannica" />

Handke's mother took her own life in 1971, reflected in his novel ''[[A Sorrow Beyond Dreams|Wunschloses Unglück]]'' (''A Sorrow Beyond Dreams'').<ref name="Britannica" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Curwen |first1=Thomas |title=Choosing against life |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jan-05-bk-curwen5-story.html |access-date=11 October 2019 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=5 January 2003}}</ref>

After leaving Graz, Handke lived in [[Düsseldorf]], Berlin, [[Kronberg im Taunus|Kronberg]], Paris, the U.S. (1978–1979) and [[Salzburg]] (1979–1988).<ref name="Wenders" /> Since 1990, he has resided in [[Chaville]] near Paris.<ref>[https://sz-magazin.sueddeutsche.de/literatur/messie-und-messias-78494 Messie und Messias / Wie wohnt eigentlich der Schriftsteller Peter Handke? Ein Hausbesuch.] [[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] 8 October 2011</ref> He is the subject of the documentary film ''[[Peter Handke: In the Woods, Might Be Late]]'' (2016), directed by [[Corinna Belz]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmportal.de/film/peter-handke-bin-im-wald-kann-sein-dass-ich-mich-verspaete_100a01ffe8a44abebd904afe10b2462e|title=Peter Handke – Bin im Wald. Kann sein, dass ich mich verspäte...|language=de|work=[[Filmportal.de]]|access-date=14 May 2017}}</ref><!--In 2006, Handke was nominated for the [[Heinrich Heine Prize]], but the prize money of €50,000 had to be approved by the city council of Düsseldorf. Members of the council's major parties stated they would vote against awarding the prize to Handke, resulting in the prize being withdrawn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2036907,00.html |title=German Politicians to Block Prize for Milosevic Sympathizer |date=31 May 2006 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=16 September 2010}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.faz.net/1.327741|title=Eklat in Düsseldorf: Kein Heine-Preis für Handke – Politiker verweigern Zustimmung|via=www.faz.net}} too much --> Since 2012, Handke has been a member of the [[Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts]].<ref name="AlJazeeraBK">{{cite web|title=Outrage in Bosnia, Kosovo over Peter Handke's Nobel prize win|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/outrage-bosnia-kosovo-peter-handke-nobel-prize-win-191010183645296.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=11 October 2019|access-date=11 October 2019}}</ref> He is a member of the Serbian Orthodox Church.<ref name="Traynor">Ian Traynor:
[https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1999/apr/21/features11.g28 Stand up if you support the Serbs / Austrian writer Peter Handke does, and his pro-Milosevic stance has enraged fellow artists.] ''[[The Guardian]]'', 21 April 1999</ref><ref>James Smyth: [https://jsmyth.wordpress.com/2011/11/16/handke/ Handke in Another Tempo] wordpress.com</ref>

As of early November 2019, there was an official investigation by the relevant authorities into whether Handke may have automatically lost his [[Austrian citizenship]] upon obtaining a Yugoslav passport and nationality in the late 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/c5501b12c92d47b9945957141d14fbdc  |title=Nobel Prize Winner Handke Admits Having Yugoslav Passport |date=8 November 2019 |work=The Associated Press |agency=AP |access-date=25 November 2019}}</ref>

=== Career ===
While studying, Handke established himself as a writer, linking up with the ''[[Grazer Gruppe]]'' (the [[Graz]] Authors' Assembly), an association of young writers.<ref name="Wenders" /> The group published a magazine on literature, ''{{ill|manuskripte|de}}'', which published Handke's early works.<ref name="Britannica" /> Group members included [[Wolfgang Bauer (writer)|Wolfgang Bauer]] and [[Barbara Frischmuth]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wakounig |first1=Marija |title=East Central Europe at a Glance: People – Cultures – Developments |date=2018 |publisher=[[LIT Verlag]] |location=Munster, Germany |isbn=978-3-643-91046-2 |page=302 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EQKDDwAAQBAJ |access-date=11 October 2019}}</ref>

Handke abandoned his studies in 1965,<ref name="Britannica" /> after the German publishing house [[Suhrkamp Verlag]] accepted his novel ''{{ill|Die Hornissen|de}} (The Hornets)'' for publication.<ref name="Suhrkamp" /> He gained international attention after an appearance at a meeting of [[avant-garde]] artists belonging to the [[Gruppe 47]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], [[New Jersey]], in 1966.<ref name="Hutchinson" /> The same year, his play ''[[Offending the Audience|Publikumsbeschimpfung]]'' (''Offending the Audience'') premiered at the {{ill|Theater am Turm|de}} in Frankfurt, directed by {{ill|Claus Peymann|de}}.<ref name="Suhrkamp" /><ref name="Hutchinson" /> Handke became one of the co-founders of the publishing house {{ill|Verlag der Autoren|de}} in 1969 with a new commercial concept, as it belonged to the authors.<ref>Martin Lüdke: [https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/50-jahre-verlag-der-autoren-mit-enthusiasmus-gegruendet.932.de.html?dram:article_id=443223 50 Jahre "Verlag der Autoren" / Mit Enthusiasmus gegründet] Deutschlandfunk, 11 March 2019</ref> He co-founded the [[Grazer Autorenversammlung]] in 1973<ref>[https://oe1.orf.at/artikel/343066/40-Jahre-Grazer-Autorenversammlung 40 Jahre Grazer Autorenversammlung] ORF 15 June 2013</ref> and was a member until 1977.<ref name="Wenders" />

Handke's first play, ''[[Offending the Audience|Publikumsbeschimpfung]]'' (''Offending the Audience''), which premiered in Frankfurt in 1966 and made him well known,<ref name="Hutchinson" /> was the first of several experimental plays without a conventional plot.<ref name="Britannica" /> In his second play, ''[[Kaspar (play)|Kaspar]]'', he treated the story of [[Kaspar Hauser]] as "an allegory of conformist social pressures".<ref name="Hutchinson" />

Handke collaborated with director [[Wim Wenders]] on [[The Goalkeeper's Fear of the Penalty|a film version]] of ''[[The Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick|Die Angst des Tormanns beim Elfmeter]]'', wrote the script for ''[[The Wrong Move|Falsche Bewegung]]'' (''The Wrong Move'') and co-wrote the screenplay for ''[[Wings of Desire|Der Himmel über Berlin]]'' (''Wings of Desire'') including the poem at its opening and ''[[The Beautiful Days of Aranjuez|Les Beaux Jours d'Aranjuez]]'' (''The Beautiful Days of Aranjuez''). He also directed films, including adaptations from his novels ''[[The Left-Handed Woman]]'' after ''Die linkshändige Frau'', and ''[[The Absence (1992 film)|The Absence]]'' after ''Die Abwesenheit''.<ref name="Britannica" /><ref name="Wenders" /> ''The Left-Handed Woman'', was released in 1978 and was nominated for the [[Palme d'Or|Golden Palm Award]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] in 1978 and won the Gold Award for German Arthouse Cinema in 1980. ''[[Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide]]'s'' description of the film is that a woman demands that her husband leave and he complies. "Time passes... and the audience falls asleep." Handke also won the 1975 German Film Award in Gold for his screenplay for ''[[The Wrong Move|Falsche Bewegung]]'' (''The Wrong Move''). Since 1975, Handke has been a jury member of the European literary award [[Petrarca-Preis]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Petrarca Preis |url=http://www.petrarca-preis.de/ |website=www.petrarca-preis.de |access-date=11 October 2019 |language=de}}</ref>

In 2019, Handke was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] "for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience."<ref name=Nobel/>