Editing Perinthus (section)

== History ==

It was originally a [[Samos|Samian]] colony,<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Marcian of Heraclea|Marcian]]|title=A Periplus of the Outer Sea|page=29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Plutarch]]|title=Qu. Gr.|page=56}}</ref> and, according to [[George Syncellus]], was founded about 599&nbsp;BC.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[George Syncellus]]|title=Chronicle|page=238}}</ref> German archaeologist [[Theodor Panofka]], however, makes it contemporary with [[Samothrace]], that is about 1000&nbsp;BC.<ref name=DGRG>{{Cite DGRG|title=Perinthus}}</ref> It was particularly renowned for [[Siege of Perinthus|its obstinate defence]] against [[Philip II of Macedon]].<ref>{{Cite Diodorus|16.74-77}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Plutarch]]|title=Phoc.|page=14}}</ref> At that time it appears to have been a more important and flourishing town even than [[Byzantium]] and being both a harbour and a point at which several main roads met, it was the seat of extensive commerce.<ref name=Procopius>{{cite book|author=[[Procopius]]|title=de Aed.|page=4.9}}</ref> This circumstance explains the reason why so many of its coins are still extant from which we learn that large and celebrated festivals were held here.<ref name=DGRG/>
After the fourth century AD it assumed the name of '''Heraclea''' or '''Heracleia''' (Ἡράκλεια);<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Tzetzes]]|title=Chil.|page=3.812}}</ref> which we find sometimes used alone, and sometimes with additions '''Heraclea Thraciae''' and '''Heraclea Perinthus'''.<ref name=Procopius/><ref>{{cite book|author=[[Procopius]]|title=B. Vand.|page=1.12}}; {{cite book|author=[[Zosimus (historian)|Zosimus]]|title=Historia Nova|page=1.62}}; {{cite book|author=[[Justin (historian)|Justin]]|title=[[Historia Philippicae et Totius Mundi Origines et Terrae Situs]]|page=16.3}}; {{cite book|title=Eutrop.|page=9.15}}; {{cite book|title=Amm. Marc.|page=22.2}}; {{cite book|title=[[Antonine Itinerary|Itin. Ant.]]|page=175, 176, 323}}</ref>

[[Septimius Severus]] (r. 193–211) twice granted the city the prestigious title of ''[[neokoros]]'' and gave it permission to hold crown festivals in his honor, in recognition of its support during his conflict with [[Pescennius Niger]], a rival claimant to the Roman throne.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Bertolazzi |first=Riccardo |title=The Eastern Roman Empire under the Severans: Old Connections, new Beginnings? |publisher=[[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]] |year=2024 |isbn=978-3-647-30251-5 |editor-last=Hoffmann-Salz |editor-first=Julia |pages=242–243 |chapter=The Severan Augustae as Mistresses of the World |editor-last2=Heil |editor-first2=Matthäus |editor-last3=Wienholz |editor-first3=Holger}}</ref> 

[[Justinian]] restored the old imperial palace, and the [[Aqueduct (water supply)|aqueduct]]s of the city.<ref name=Procopius/> Coins of Perinthus have also survived, which were studied by [[Edith Schönert-Geiß]].<ref>Schönert-Geiß, Edith (1965). ''Die Münzprägung von Perinthos.'' Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.</ref> The inscriptions from Perinthus and the literary testimonia on the city have been collected by Mustafa Hamdi Sayar.<ref>Hamdi Sayar, Mustafa (1998). ''Perinthos-Herakleia (Marmara Ereğlisi) und Umgebung. Geschichte, Testimonien, griechische und lateinische Inschriften.'' Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.</ref>