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==Characteristics== The family is characterised by having the [[dorsal fin]] split into two<ref name = IFNY>{{cite web | author1 = Kraft C.E | author2 = D.M. Carlson | author3 = M. Carlson | year = 2006 |title = Inland fishes of New York (online) Version4.0 | url = http://www2.dnr.cornell.edu/cek7/nyfish/index.html | publisher = Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation}}</ref> which are normally separated or have a narrow connection, although this is wider in the genus ''Zingel'',<ref name="Nelson5">{{cite book |author1=J. S. Nelson |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |title=Fishes of the World |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |publisher=Wiley |year=2016 |ISBN=978-1-118-34233-6 |edition=5th |pages=448β450}}</ref> the front section contains the spines and the rear section contains the soft rays.<ref name = IFNY/> The [[anal fin]] contains 1 or 2 spines, if there is a second spine it is typically weak. The [[pelvic fins]] are placed on the [[thorax]] and have a single spine and 5 soft rays. They also have skeletal [[synapomorphy|synapomorphies]].<ref name = Nelson5/> The maximum size attained is {{convert|100|cm|in}} in the [[zander]] (''Sander lucioperca'')<ref name="Fishbase">{{FishBase family|family=Percidae|month=December|year=2019}}</ref> but most of the species in the family are much smaller.<ref name = Nelson5/> Their scales are [[ctenoid]] and their bodies are normally somewhat elongate.<ref name = Britannia>{{cite web | url = https://www.britannica.com/animal/perciform/Form-and-function#ref1044889 | title = Percidae: Form and Function | access-date = 12 September 2020 | publisher = Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref>
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