Editing Pentamidine (section)

==Medical uses==
* Treatment of PCP caused by ''Pneumocystis jirovecii''<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=cc2b635e-4840-4dc3-a177-5484371680e8|title=DailyMed - PENTAM 300- pentamidine isethionate injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution|website=dailymed.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2016-11-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104141904/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=cc2b635e-4840-4dc3-a177-5484371680e8|archive-date=2016-11-04}}</ref>
* Prevention of PCP in adults with HIV who have one or both of the following:
** History of PCP
** CD4+ count ≤ 200mm³<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=e2ad9d3c-b6c3-4f70-87e0-722a8ff94ccb|title=DailyMed - NEBUPENT- pentamidine isethionate inhalant|website=dailymed.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2016-11-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104142253/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=e2ad9d3c-b6c3-4f70-87e0-722a8ff94ccb|archive-date=2016-11-04}}</ref>
* Treatment of [[leishmaniasis]]<ref name=":1" />
* Treatment of African trypanosomiasis caused by [[Trypanosoma brucei|''Trypanosoma brucei gambiense'']]<ref name=":1" />
* ''[[Balamuthia]]'' infections<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/balamuthia/treatment.html|title = Treatment &#124; Balamuthia &#124; Parasites &#124; CDC|date = 5 September 2019}}</ref>
* Pentamidine is classified as an [[orphan drug]] by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.DrugDetails|title=Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products|website=www.accessdata.fda.gov|access-date=2016-11-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813131107/http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm?fuseaction=Search.DrugDetails|archive-date=2014-08-13}}</ref>

===Other uses===
* Use as an [[antitumor]] drug has also been proposed.<ref name="pmid18056463">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee MS, Johansen L, Zhang Y, Wilson A, Keegan M, Avery W, Elliott P, Borisy AA, Keith CT | title = The novel combination of chlorpromazine and pentamidine exerts synergistic antiproliferative effects through dual mitotic action | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 67 | issue = 23 | pages = 11359–11367 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 18056463 | doi = 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2235 | doi-access =  }}</ref>
* Pentamidine is also identified as a potential small molecule antagonist that disrupts this interaction between S100P and RAGE receptor.<ref name="pmid25084534">{{cite journal | vauthors = Penumutchu SR, Chou RH, Yu C | title = Structural insights into calcium-bound S100P and the V domain of the RAGE complex | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 9 | issue = 8 | pages = e103947 | date = 2014 | pmid = 25084534 | pmc = 4118983 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0103947 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2014PLoSO...9j3947P }}</ref>

=== Special populations ===

==== Pregnancy ====
It has not been shown to cause birth defects in animal studies when given intravenously. There are no controlled studies to show if pentamidine can harm the fetus in pregnant women. It is only recommended if the drug of choice trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is contraindicated.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/pentamidine.html|title=Pentamidine Use During Pregnancy {{!}} Drugs.com|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=2016-11-10|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109153337/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/pentamidine.html|archive-date=2016-11-09}}</ref>

==== Breastfeeding ====
There is no information regarding the excretion of pentamidine in breast milk, but since the adverse effects on breastfed infants are unknown currently, it is recommended by the manufacturer for the infant to not be breastfed or for the mother to stop the drug. Risks versus benefits for the mother should be considered when making this decision.<ref name=":12" />

==== Children ====
Pentamidine can be used in the prevention of PCP in children with HIV who cannot tolerate [[Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole|Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole]] and can use a nebulizer. Intranvenous solutions of pentamidine should only be used in children with HIV older than 2 years old when other treatments are unavailable<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/5/pediatric-oi-prevention-and-treatment-guidelines/415/pneumocystis-jirovecii-pneumonia|title=Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia {{!}} Pediatric OI Prevention and Treatment Guidelines {{!}} AIDSinfo|website=AIDSinfo|access-date=2016-11-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155510/https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/5/pediatric-oi-prevention-and-treatment-guidelines/415/pneumocystis-jirovecii-pneumonia|archive-date=2016-11-07}}</ref>

==== Elderly ====
There is no data for the use of pentamidine in this specific population.<ref name=":12" />