Editing Pawn (chess) (section)

==Placement and movement==
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|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd
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|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl
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| Initial placement of the pawns
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{{Chess diagram
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| A pawn can move to the square directly in front of itself if that square is not occupied. A pawn on its starting rank has the option of moving two squares in one turn.
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Each player begins the game with eight pawns placed along their second rank.

A pawn may move by vertically advancing to a vacant square ahead. The first time a pawn moves, it has the additional option of vertically advancing two squares, provided that both squares are vacant. Unlike other pieces, the pawn can only move forwards. In the second diagram, the pawn on c4 can move to c5; the pawn on e2 can move to either e3 or e4.
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===Capturing===
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| Example of regular capturing
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| The pawn may capture either the rook or the knight, but not the bishop, which blocks the pawn from moving directly forward.
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{{Chess diagram
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| Example of capturing ''en passant''
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| The black pawn has just moved from c7 to c5. The white pawn can capture it ''en passant'' by moving to c6.
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Unlike other pieces, the pawn does not capture in the same way that it moves. A pawn captures by moving diagonally forward one square to the left or right, either replacing an enemy piece on its square (first diagram) or capturing ''[[en passant]]'' (second diagram).

An ''en passant'' capture can occur after a pawn makes a move of two squares and the square it passes over is attacked by an enemy pawn. The enemy pawn is entitled to capture the moved pawn "in passing" as if the latter had advanced only one square. The capturing pawn moves to the square over which the moved pawn passed, and the moved pawn is removed from the board. The option to capture the moved pawn ''en passant'' must be exercised on the move immediately following the double-step pawn advance, or it is lost for the remainder of the game. The ''en passant'' capture is the only capture in chess in which the capturing piece does not replace the captured piece on the same square.<ref>{{harvnb|Hooper|Whyld|1996|pp=124–25}}. ''en passant''.</ref>
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===Promotion===
{{main article|Promotion (chess)}}
A pawn that advances to its {{chessgloss|eighth rank|last rank}} is ''promoted'' to a queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color. The pawn is replaced by the new piece on the same move. The choice of promotion is not limited to pieces that have been captured; thus, a player could, in theory, have as many as nine queens, ten rooks, ten bishops, or ten knights on the board. Promotion to a queen is also known as ''queening'' and to any other piece as ''underpromotion''. Reasons for underpromotion include [[chess tactic|tactical]] positions involving a [[knight (chess)|knight]] check, and avoiding [[stalemate]].

While some chess sets include an extra queen of each color, most standard sets do not come with additional pieces, so the physical piece used to replace a promoted pawn on the board is usually one that was previously captured. In informal games, when the correct piece is not available, an additional queen is often indicated by inverting a previously captured rook. In tournament games, however, this is not acceptable, and may result in the arbiter ruling that the upturned piece is a rook.<ref>Mike Klein, [https://www.chess.com/news/view/controversial-finish-to-canadian-chess-championship-5047 Controversial Finish To Canadian Championship -- Update] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109033018/https://www.chess.com/news/view/controversial-finish-to-canadian-chess-championship-5047 |date=2020-11-09 }}, chess.com, 12 July, 2017</ref>