Editing Paul Butterfield (section)

==Career==
Paul Vaughn Butterfield<ref name="County Clerk">{{cite web|url         = http://www.cookcountyclerk.com/sweethomecookcounty/Pages/PaulButterfield.aspx|author      = County Clerk|title       = Paul Butterfield|website     = Sweet Home Cook County|access-date  = September 15, 2013|url-status     = dead|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140513045039/http://cookcountyclerk.com/sweethomecookcounty/Pages/PaulButterfield.aspx|archive-date = May 13, 2014}}</ref> was born on December 17, 1942, in Chicago<ref name="County Clerk"/> and raised in the city's [[Hyde Park, Chicago|Hyde Park]] neighborhood. The son of a lawyer and a painter, he attended the [[University of Chicago Laboratory Schools]], a private school associated with the University of Chicago. Exposed to music at an early age, he studied classical flute with Walfrid Kujala, of the [[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]].<ref name="Huey">
{{cite web
| last = Huey
| first = Steve
| title = Paul Butterfield: Biography
| website = [[AllMusic]]
| url = http://www.allmusic.com/artist/paul-butterfield-mn0000019339/biography
| access-date = July 23, 2013
}}</ref> Butterfield was also athletic and was offered a track scholarship to [[Brown University]].<ref name="Huey"/>  However, a knee injury and a growing interest in blues music sent him in a different direction. He met guitarist and singer songwriter [[Nick Gravenites]], who shared an interest in authentic blues music.{{sfn|Wolkin|Keenom|2000|p=40}}  By the late 1950s, they were visiting blues clubs in Chicago, where musicians such as Muddy Waters, [[Howlin' Wolf]], [[Little Walter]], and [[Otis Rush]] encouraged them and occasionally let them sit in on jam sessions. The pair were soon performing as Nick and Paul in college-area coffee houses.{{sfn|Milward|2013|p=66}}

In the early 1960s, Butterfield met aspiring blues guitarist [[Elvin Bishop]].{{sfn|Field|2000|pp=212–214}}<ref name="Rolling Stone bio">
{{cite magazine
| url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/paul-butterfield/biography
| title = Paul Butterfield: Biography
| magazine = [[Rolling Stone]].com
| access-date = September 13, 2013
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180504192345/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/paul-butterfield/biography
| archive-date = May 4, 2018
}}</ref> Bishop recalled:
{{blockquote|He [Butterfield] was playing more guitar than harp when I first met him.  But in about six months he became serious about the harp, and he seemed to get about as good as he got in that six months.  He was just a natural genius. This was in 1960 or 1961.  By this time Butter had been hanging out in the ghetto for a couple of years, and he was part of the scene and getting accepted.{{sfn|Erlewine|1996|p=41}}}}
Eventually, Butterfield, on vocals and harmonica, and Bishop, accompanying him on guitar, were offered a regular gig at Big John's, a folk club in the Old Town district on Chicago's near North Side.{{sfn|Erlewine|1996|p=41}} With this booking, they persuaded bassist [[Jerome Arnold]] and drummer [[Sam Lay]] (both from Howlin' Wolf's touring band) to form a group with them in 1963.  Their engagement at the club was highly successful and brought the group to the attention of record producer [[Paul A. Rothchild]].<ref name="Leggett">
{{cite web
| url = http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-paul-butterfield-blues-band-mn0000016835/biography
| last = Leggett
| first = Steve
| title = The Paul Butterfield Blues Band: Biography
| website = [[AllMusic]]
| access-date = September 14, 2013
}}</ref>

===Paul Butterfield Blues Band===
{{main|Paul Butterfield Blues Band}}
During their engagement at Big John's, Butterfield met and occasionally sat in with guitarist [[Mike Bloomfield]], who was also playing at the club.{{sfn|Field|2000|pp=212–214}}  By chance, producer Rothchild witnessed one of their performances and was impressed by the chemistry between the two. He persuaded Butterfield to bring Bloomfield into the band, and they were signed to [[Elektra Records]].<ref name="Leggett"/> Their first attempt to record an album, in December 1964, did not meet Rothchild's expectations. To capture their sound better, Rothchild convinced Elektra president [[Jac Holzman]] to record a live album.{{sfn|Rothchild|1995|pp=1–4}} In the spring of 1965, the Butterfield Blues Band was recorded at the [[Cafe Au Go Go]] in New York City. These recordings also failed to satisfy Rothchild, but the group's appearances at the club brought them to the attention of the East Coast music community.{{sfn|Field|2000|pp=212–214}}  Rothchild persuaded Holzman to agree to a third attempt at recording an album.,{{sfn|Rothchild|1995|p=3}} securing the band more engagements outside of Chicago.{{sfn|Ellis III|1997}} At the last minute, the band was booked to perform at the [[Newport Folk Festival]] in July 1965.{{sfn|Field|2000|pp=212–214}}  [[Maria Muldaur]], with her husband [[Geoff Muldaur|Geoff]], who later toured and recorded with Butterfield, recalled the group's performance as stunning; it was the first time that many of the mostly folk-music fans had heard a high-powered electric blues combo.{{sfn|Ellis III|1997}} Among those who took notice was festival regular [[Bob Dylan]], who invited the band to back him for his first live electric performance.  With little rehearsal, Dylan performed a short, four-song set the next day with Bloomfield, Arnold, and Lay (along with [[Al Kooper]] and [[Barry Goldberg]]).{{sfn|Marcus|2006|pp=154–155}}<ref name="R&RHOF"/> The performance was not well received by some and generated a [[Electric Dylan controversy|controversy]],<ref name="Huey"/> but it was a watershed event and brought the band to the attention of a much larger audience.{{sfn|Ellis III|1997}}

The band's debut album, ''[[The Paul Butterfield Blues Band (album)|The Paul Butterfield Blues Band]]'', was released in 1965, reaching number 123 in the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] album chart.<ref name="Leggett"/> On March 28, 1966, Butterfield appeared on the [[CBS]] game show ''[[To Tell the Truth]]''. At the end of his segment, he performed "Born in Chicago" with the house band.<ref>{{cite AV media |date=March 28, 1966 |title=To Tell the Truth |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WqvBMJJix0  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/-WqvBMJJix0| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|medium=Television production |publisher=[[CBS]] |access-date=May 2, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In August 1966, the band released their second album, ''[[East-West (The Butterfield Blues Band album)|East-West]]'', which reached number 65 in the album chart.

In England in November 1966, Butterfield recorded several songs with [[John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers]], who had recently finished the album ''[[A Hard Road]]''.{{sfn|Schinder|2003|pp=10, 14}} Butterfield and Mayall contributed vocals, and Butterfield's Chicago-style blues harp was featured. Four songs were released in the UK on a 45-rpm [[Extended play|EP]], ''John Mayall's Bluesbreakers with Paul Butterfield'', in January 1967.{{efn|Presumably because of licensing restrictions, the EP was marked "For sale in the U.K. only", but it soon found its way to some specialty record retailers in the U.S. The songs were later included as bonus tracks on the 2003 expanded two-CD reissue of ''A Hard Road'', with most of [[Peter Green (musician)|Peter Green]]'s recordings with Mayall.}}

The Butterfield Blues Band changed its lineup, with Arnold and Davenport leaving the band, and Bloomfield going on to form his own group, [[Electric Flag]].<ref name="Leggett"/> The band added bassist Bugsy Maugh, drummer [[Phillip Wilson (drummer)|Phillip Wilson]], and saxophonists [[David Sanborn]] and [[Gene Dinwiddie]]. This lineup recorded the band's third album, ''[[The Resurrection of Pigboy Crabshaw]]'', in 1967. It was Butterfield's highest-charting album, reaching number 52 on the album chart.  Most of this lineup performed at the seminal [[Monterey Pop Festival]] on June 17, 1967.{{efn|Billy Davenport played the drums, and Keith Johnson contributed trumpet in place of David Sanborn on saxophone. Former bandmate Mike Bloomfield also performed the same day at Monterey with his new group, [[Electric Flag]].}}{{sfn|Perone|2005|p=3}}

The band's next album, ''[[In My Own Dream]]'', released in 1968, continued to move away from the band's Chicago blues roots towards a more soul-influenced, horn-based sound, with Butterfield singing only three songs.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.allmusic.com/album/in-my-own-dream-mw0000218755
| last = Eder
| first = Bruce
| title = Paul Butterfield Blues Band: ''In My Own Dream'' – Album Review
| website = [[AllMusic]]
| access-date = September 13, 2013
}}</ref> It reached number 79 in the ''Billboard'' album chart. By the end of 1968, both Bishop and Naftalin had left the band.<ref name="Leggett"/> In April 1969, Butterfield took part in a concert at Chicago's Auditorium Theater and a subsequent recording session organized by record producer Norman Dayron, featuring Muddy Waters backed by Otis Spann, Mike Bloomfield, Sam Lay, [[Donald "Duck" Dunn]], and [[Buddy Miles]]. Such Waters warhorses as "[[Forty Days and Forty Nights]]", "[[I'm Ready (Muddy Waters song)|I'm Ready]]", "[[Baby, Please Don't Go]]", and "[[Got My Mojo Working]]" were recorded and later released on the album ''[[Fathers and Sons (album)|Fathers and Sons]]''. Waters commented, "We did a lot of the things over we did with [[Little Walter]] and [[Jimmy Rogers]] and [[Elgin Evans]] on drums [an early configuration of Waters's band]&nbsp;... It's about as close as I've been [to that feel] since I first recorded it".{{sfn|Gordon|2002|p=207}} To one reviewer, these recordings represent Paul Butterfield's best performances.{{sfn|Herzhaft|1992|p=371}}

The Butterfield Blues Band was invited to perform at the [[Woodstock Festival]] on August 18, 1969. The band performed seven songs, and although its performance did not appear in the film ''[[Woodstock (film)|Woodstock]]'', one song, "Love March", was included on the album ''[[Woodstock: Music from the Original Soundtrack and More]]'', released in 1970. In 2009, Butterfield was included in the expanded ''40th Anniversary Edition Woodstock'' video, and an additional two songs appeared on the box set ''[[Woodstock: 40 Years On: Back to Yasgur's Farm]]''.

The album ''[[Keep On Moving (The Butterfield Blues Band album)|Keep On Moving]]'', with only Butterfield remaining from the original lineup, was released in 1969. It was produced by veteran R&B producer and songwriter [[Jerry Ragovoy]], reportedly brought in by Elektra to turn out a "breakout commercial hit".<ref name="Huey"/> The album was not embraced by critics or long-time fans.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.allmusic.com/album/keep-on-moving-mw0000219077
| last = Campbell
| first = Al
| title = Paul Butterfield: ''Keep on Moving'' – Album review
| website = [[AllMusic]]
| access-date = July 23, 2013
}}</ref> It reached number 102 in the ''Billboard'' album chart.

A live double album by the Butterfield Blues Band, ''Live'', was recorded March 21–22, 1970, at [[The Troubadour, West Hollywood|The Troubadour]], in West Hollywood, California. By this time, the band included a four-piece horn section in what has been described as a "big-band Chicago blues with a jazz base".<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.allmusic.com/album/live-mw0000206588
| last = Eder
| first = Bruce
| title = Paul Butterfield: ''Live'' – Album Review
| website = [[AllMusic]]
| access-date = July 23, 2013
}}</ref>
After the release of another soul-influenced album, ''Sometimes I Just Feel Like Smilin''' in 1971, the Paul Butterfield Blues Band disbanded.<ref name="Leggett"/> In 1972, a retrospective of their career, ''Golden Butter: The Best of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band'', was released by Elektra.

===Better Days and solo===
After the breakup of the Butterfield Blues Band and no longer under contract with Elektra, Butterfield retreated to Woodstock, New York, where he eventually formed his next band,{{sfn|Ellis III|1997}} Paul Butterfield's Better Days, with drummer [[Chris Parker (musician)|Chris Parker]],  guitarist [[Amos Garrett]], singer [[Geoff Muldaur]], pianist [[Ronnie Barron]] and bassist [[Billy Rich]]. In 1972–1973, the group recorded the albums ''Paul Butterfield's Better Days'' and ''It All Comes Back'', released by [[Albert Grossman]]'s [[Bearsville Records]]. The albums reflected the influence of the participants and explored more roots- and folk-based styles.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.allmusic.com/album/paul-butterfields-better-days-mw0000312871
| title = ''Paul Butterfield's Better Days'' – Album Review
| website = [[AllMusic]]
| access-date = September 14, 2013
}}</ref>  Although without an easily defined commercial style, both reached the album chart. The band did not last to record a third studio album, but its album ''Live at Winterland Ballroom'', recorded in 1973, was released in 1999.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.allmusic.com/album/live-at-winterland-ballroom-mw0000741790
| title = Paul Butterfield: ''Live at Winterland Ballroom'' – Overview
| website = [[AllMusic]]
| access-date = September 24, 2013
}}</ref>
[[image:Butterfield & Danko 1979.jpg|right|thumb|With [[Rick Danko]] (left) on bass guitar at Woodstock Reunion 1979]]

Butterfield next pursued a solo career and appeared as a sideman in several different musical settings.{{sfn|Erlewine|1996|p=41}} In 1975, he again joined Muddy Waters to record Waters's last album for [[Chess Records]], ''The Muddy Waters Woodstock Album''.{{sfn|Gordon|2002|p=247}} The album was recorded at [[Levon Helm]]'s Woodstock studio with [[Garth Hudson]] and members of Waters's touring band. In 1976, Butterfield performed at the Band's final concert, "[[The Last Waltz]]", accompanying the Band on the song "[[Mystery Train]]" and backing Muddy Waters on "[[Mannish Boy]]".{{sfn|Gordon|2002|p=253}}  Butterfield kept up his association with former members of the Band, touring and recording with Levon Helm and the RCO All Stars in 1977<ref name="Rolling Stone bio"/> and touring with [[Rick Danko]] in 1979. A 1984 live performance with Danko and [[Richard Manuel]] was recorded and released as ''Live at the Lonestar'' in 2011.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.allmusic.com/album/live-at-the-lone-star-1984-mw0002134381
| title = Rick Danko, Richard Manuel & Paul Butterfield: ''Live at the Lone Star 1984'' – Overview
| website = [[AllMusic]]
| access-date = September 14, 2013
}}</ref>

As a solo act with backing musicians, Butterfield continued to tour and recorded ''Put It in Your Ear'' in 1976 and ''North South'' in 1981, with strings, synthesizers, and funk arrangements.<ref name="Huey"/>  In 1986, he released his final studio album, ''The Legendary Paul Butterfield Rides Again'', which was an attempt at a comeback with an updated rock sound. On April 15, 1987, he participated in the concert "B.B. King & Friends", with [[Eric Clapton]], [[Etta James]], [[Albert King]], [[Stevie Ray Vaughan]], and others.<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.allmusic.com/album/bb-king-friends-immortal-dvd-mw0001444077
| title = B.B. King & Friends: ''A Night of Blistering Blues'' – Overview
| website = [[AllMusic]]
| access-date = September 14, 2013
}}</ref>