Editing Patanjali (section)

== Identities ==
Amongst the more important authors called Patañjali are:<ref>Ganeri, Jonardon. ''Artha: Meaning'', Oxford University Press 2006, 1.2, p. 12</ref><ref>Radhakrishnan, S.; Moore, C.A., (1957). ''A Source Book in Indian Philosophy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University, ch. XIII, Yoga, p. 453</ref><ref name=gavin>{{harvnb|Flood|1996}}</ref>
* The author of the ''[[Mahābhāṣya]]'', an ancient treatise on [[Sanskrit grammar]] and linguistics, based on the Aṣṭādhyāyī'' of [[Pāṇini]]. ''This Patañjali's life is dated to mid 2nd century BCE by both Western and Indian scholars.''<ref name="Banerji1989p233" /><ref name="Scharf1996p1">{{cite book |last=Scharf |first=Peter M. |title=The Denotation of Generic Terms in Ancient Indian Philosophy: Grammar, Nyāya, and Mīmāṃsā |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qh4LAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1 |year=1996 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-863-6|pages=1–2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Cardona |first=George |title=Pāṇini: A Survey of Research |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=adWXhQ-yHQUC&pg=PA267|year=1997 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-1494-3 |pages=267–268}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Approximate Chronology of Indian Philosophers|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/language-india/chronology.html|access-date=2022-02-21|website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> ''This text was titled as a ''[[bhashya]]'' or "commentary" on [[Kātyāyana]]-Pāṇini's work by Patanjali, but is so revered in the Indian traditions that it is widely known simply as Mahā-bhasya or "Great commentary". As per Ganesh Sripad Huparikar, actually, Patanjali (2nd century BCE), the forerunner among ancient grammatical commentators, "adopted an etymological and dialectical method of explaining in the whole of his 'Mahābhāshya' (Great Commentary), and this has assumed, in the later commentary literature the definite form of 'Khanda-anvaya'." So vigorous, well reasoned and vast is his text, that this Patanjali has been the authority as the last grammarian of classical Sanskrit for more than 2,000 years, with Pāṇini and Kātyāyana preceding him. Their ideas on structure, grammar and philosophy of language have also influenced scholars of other Indian religions such as Buddhism and [[Jainism]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Scharfe |first=Hartmut |title=Grammatical Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_VbnWkZ-SYC&pg=PA152 |year=1977|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-01706-0 |pages=152–154}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Harold G. Coward|author2=K. Kunjunni Raja|title=The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 5: The Philosophy of the Grammarians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tLd9BgAAQBAJ |year=2015|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-7270-1|pages=3–11}}</ref>''
* The compiler of the ''[[Yoga Sutras of Patanjali|Yoga sūtras]]'', a text on [[Yoga]] theory and practice,<ref name=maas-sama>{{cite book |last=Maas |first=Philipp A. |title=Samādhipāda: das erste Kapitel des Pātañjalayogaśāstra zum ersten Mal kritisch ediert |year=2006 |publisher=Shaker |location=Aachen |language=de |isbn=978-3832249878}}</ref> and a notable scholar of [[Samkhya]] school of [[Hindu philosophy]].<ref>Dasgupta, Surendranath (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=PoaMFmS1_lEC&pg=PA229 A History of Indian Philosophy], Volume 1, p.229 Motilal Banarsidass Publications. {{ISBN|8120804120}}</ref><ref name="phillips">Phillips, Stephen H.,(2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=cRg2AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT368 Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy], Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|0231519478}}</ref> He is variously estimated to have lived between 2nd century BCE to 4th century CE, with many scholars narrowing this period down to between 2nd and 4th century CE.{{Sfn|Bryant|2009|pp=xxxiv, 510 with notes 43–44}}<ref name=maas-sama/><ref>Michele Desmarais (2008), [https://books.google.com/books?id=EXHF0lkL7MAC Changing Minds: Mind, Consciousness and Identity in Patanjali's Yoga Sutra], Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120833364}}, pages 16–17 with footnotes</ref> The ''Yogasutras'' is one of the most important texts in the Indian tradition and the foundation of classical Yoga.<ref name="Desmarais2008p15">{{cite book |last=Desmarais |first=Michele Marie |title=Changing Minds : Mind, Consciousness And Identity in Patanjali'S Yoga-Sutra And Cognitive Neuroscience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EXHF0lkL7MAC&pg=PA15 |year=2008 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-3336-4 |pages=15–16}}, '''Quote:''' "The YS is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important texts in the Hindu tradition and is recognized as the essential text for understanding classical Yoga".</ref> It is the Indian Yoga text that was most translated in its medieval era into forty Indian languages.{{Sfn|White|2014|p=xvi}}
* The author of a medical text called ''Patanjalatantra''. He is cited and this text is quoted in many medieval health sciences-related texts, and Patanjali is called a medical authority in a number of Sanskrit texts such as ''Yogaratnakara'', ''Yogaratnasamuccaya'' and ''Padarthavijnana''.<ref name=HIML>{{cite book|last=Meulenbeld|first=G. Jan|title=History of Indian Medical Literature, vol. I part 1 |year=1999| isbn= 978-9069801247 |publisher=E. Forsten|location=Groningen|pages=141–44}}</ref> There is a fourth Hindu scholar also named Patanjali, who likely lived in 8th-century CE and wrote a commentary on ''[[Charaka Samhita]]'' and this text is called ''Carakavarttika''.<ref name=meulenbeld143>{{cite book |last=Meulenbeld |first=G. Jan |title=History of Indian Medical Literature, vol. I part 1 |year=1999| isbn= 978-9069801247 |publisher=E. Forsten |location=Groningen|pages=143–144, 196}}</ref> According to some modern era Indian scholars such as P.V. Sharma, the two medical scholars named Patanjali may be the same person, but completely different person from the Patanjali who wrote the Sanskrit grammar classic ''Mahābhashya''.<ref name=meulenbeld143/>
* Patanjali is one of the 18 [[siddhar]]s in the Tamil [[siddha]] ([[Shaivism|Shaiva]]) tradition.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Feuerstein |first1=Georg |author-link=Georg Feuerstein |title=Yoga of the 18 Siddhas by Ganapathy |url=http://www.traditionalyogastudies.com/2011/07/yoga-of-the-18-siddhas-by-ganapathy/ |website=Traditional Yoga Studies |access-date=17 March 2019 |archive-date=23 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923121334/http://www.traditionalyogastudies.com/2011/07/yoga-of-the-18-siddhas-by-ganapathy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>