Editing Pasadena, California (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of Pasadena, California|Old Town Pasadena}}

===Indigenous history===
The earliest known inhabitants of Pasadena and its surroundings were members of the Native American [[Hahamog-na]] tribe, a branch of the [[Tongva people|Tongva]] Nation. They spoke the [[Tongva language]], part of the [[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan language]] group. Native Americans had lived in the [[Los Angeles Basin]] for thousands of years.<ref name="city">{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofpasadena.net/History.aspx |title=Pasadena History |website=www.cityofpasadena.net |access-date=August 12, 2015 |archive-date=January 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122042742/http://www.cityofpasadena.net/History.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Pasadena means "valley" in the [[Ojibwe language|language of the]] [[Ojibwe]], a Native American tribe not local to the region. The name was chosen by American colonists from Indiana who would later move to the area.<ref name="nameorigin">{{cite book |last=Reid |first=Hiram A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRU1AQAAMAAJ |title=History of Pasadena: Comprising an Account of the Native Indian, the Early Spanish, the Mexican, the American, the Colony, and the Incorporated City, Occupancies of the Rancho San Pasqual, and Its Adjacent Mountains, Canyons, Waterfalls and Other Objects of Interest |date=1895 |publisher=Pasadena History Company |pages=339–340 }}</ref>

===Spanish era===
The Spanish first colonized the Los Angeles Basin in the 1770s as part of the [[Viceroyalty of New Spain]], building the [[San Gabriel Mission]] and renaming the local [[Tongva people]] "Gabrielino Indians", after the name of the mission. Today, several bands of Tongva people live in the Los Angeles area.<ref>[http://tongva.com/ Gabrieleno/Tongva of San Gabriel<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010923234724/http://tongva.com/ |date=September 23, 2001 }}</ref>

===Mexican era===
In 1821, Mexico became independent of Spain, and California came under control of the Mexican government. In 1833, the mission lands were secularized and most of the lands in California were granted to private Mexican citizens in the form of ranchos. Present-day Pasadena was divided between [[Rancho San Rafael]] (lands west of the Arroyo Seco extending to present-day [[Burbank, California|Burbank]] in the northwest to [[Glassell Park]] in the southwest), [[Rancho San Pascual|Rancho del Rincon de San Pascual]],<ref name="city"/> (present-day central Pasadena, [[Altadena]], and [[South Pasadena, California|South Pasadena]]), and [[Rancho Santa Anita]] (present-day east Pasadena, Arcadia, and Monrovia).<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/g4363l.la000023/?r=0.468,0.51,0.121,0.06,0 |title=Official map of Los Angeles County, California: compiled under instructions and by the order of the Board of Supervisors of Los Angeles County |date=January 1888 |archive-date=April 22, 2023 |access-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422180919/https://www.loc.gov/resource/g4363l.la000023/?r=0.468,0.51,0.121,0.06,0 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rancho del Rincon de San Pascual was so named because it was deeded on Easter Sunday to [[Eulalia Perez de Guillén Mariné]] of [[Mission San Gabriel Arcángel]].

===American era===
The last of the Mexican owners of Rancho del Rincon de San Pascual was [[Manuel Garfias]],<ref name="city" /> who retained title to the property through the [[Conquest of California|American conquest of California]] in 1848 and statehood in 1850. Garfias sold sections of the property to the first Anglo settlers to come into the area: [[Benjamin S. Eaton|Dr. Benjamin Eaton]], the father of [[Frederick Eaton|Fred Eaton]]; and Dr. S. Griffin. Much of the property was purchased by [[Benjamin Davis Wilson|Benjamin Wilson]], who established his [[Rancho Huerta de Cuati|Lake Vineyard]] property in the vicinity. Wilson, known as Don Benito to the local Indians,<ref name="city"/> also owned the [[Rancho Jurupa]] ([[Riverside, California]]) and was [[Mayor of Los Angeles, California|mayor of Los Angeles]]. He was the grandfather of WWII General [[George S. Patton, Jr.]] and the namesake of [[Mount Wilson (California)|Mount Wilson]].
[[File:Pasadena panoramic view looking northeast toward mountains, ca.1898-1900 (CHS-274) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|View of Pasadena c. 1898]]
In 1873, Wilson was visited by Dr. Daniel M. Berry of Indiana, who was looking for a place in the country that could offer a mild climate for his patients, most of whom suffered from respiratory ailments. Berry, an asthmatic, concluded that he had his best three nights' sleep at Rancho San Pascual.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water and Power Associates |url=https://waterandpower.org/museum/Early_Views_of_Pasadena_1_of_8.html |access-date=June 15, 2023 |website=waterandpower.org |archive-date=May 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501212448/https://waterandpower.org/museum/Early_Views_of_Pasadena_1_of_8.html |url-status=live }}</ref> To keep the find a secret, Berry code-named the area "Muscat" after the grape that Wilson grew. To raise funds to bring the company of people to San Pascual, Berry formed the Southern California Orange and Citrus Growers Association and sold stock in it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genealogical Intersection - Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California |url=https://sites.rootsweb.com/~rdrunner/web_data/pi827.htm |access-date=June 15, 2023 |website=sites.rootsweb.com |archive-date=June 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615235513/https://sites.rootsweb.com/~rdrunner/web_data/pi827.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The newcomers were able to purchase a large portion of the property along the Arroyo Seco and on January 31, 1874, they incorporated the [[Indiana Colony]]. As a gesture of good will, Wilson added {{convert|2000|acre|km2|0}} of then-useless highland property, part of which would become [[Altadena, California|Altadena]]. [[Pasadena Republican Club#History|Colonel Jabez Banbury]] opened the first school on South Orange Grove Avenue. Banbury had twin daughters, named Jennie and Jessie. The two became the first students to attend Pasadena's first school on Orange Grove.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://waterandpower.org/museum/Early_Views_of_Pasadena.html |title=Water and Power Associates |website=waterandpower.org |access-date=May 15, 2022 |archive-date=August 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806100743/https://waterandpower.org/museum/Early_Views_of_Pasadena.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

At the time, the Indiana Colony was a narrow strip of land between the Arroyo Seco and [[Fair Oaks Avenue]]. On the other side of the street was Wilson's Lake Vineyard development.<ref name="National Register">{{Cite web |url=http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/pages/1054/files/late%2019th%20early%2020th%20century%20architecture%20in%20pasadena%20.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/pages/1054/files/late%2019th%20early%2020th%20century%20architecture%20in%20pasadena%20.pdf |archive-date=October 10, 2022 |url-status=live |title=National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form }}</ref> After more than a decade of parallel development on both sides, the two settlements merged into the City of Pasadena.<ref name="National Register" />

===Resort town===
[[File:Detroit Photographic Company (0050) - Hotel Green pedestrian bridge, Pasadena, California.jpg|thumb|left|The former [[Hotel Green]] in 1900]]
The region drew people from across the country. In 1887, the [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]] opened its Second District and began making stops at the [[Santa Fe Depot (Pasadena)|Santa Fe Depot]] in downtown Pasadena.<ref name="train">{{cite web |title=Cities: Pasadena, CA |url=http://www.trainweb.com/cities/city_pas.html |website=trainweb.com |access-date=May 15, 2011 |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927063248/http://www.trainweb.com/cities/city_pas.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This triggered a real estate boom. Tourist hotels were developed in the city. Pasadena became a winter resort for wealthy Easterners, spurring the development of new neighborhoods and business districts, and increased road and transit connections with Los Angeles. In 1940, when the [[Arroyo Seco Parkway]], California's first freeway, connected Pasadena to Downtown Los Angeles. By that time, Pasadena had become the eighth-largest city in California and was widely considered a [[Twin cities (geographical proximity)|twin city]] to Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pasadena Freeway First Freeway in Western U.S<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.laalmanac.com/transport/tr29.htm |access-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-date=January 3, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103055538/http://laalmanac.com/transport/tr29.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Pasadena, looking north along Fair Oaks Avenue from Colorado Street, ca.1910 (CHS-5366) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Downtown Pasadena, c. 1910]]
The first of the hotels to be established in Pasadena was the Raymond (1886) atop Bacon Hill, renamed Raymond Hill after construction. The original Mansard Victorian 200-room facility burned down on Easter morning of 1895, was rebuilt in 1903, and razed during the Great Depression to make way for residential development. The Maryland Hotel existed from the early 1900s and was demolished in 1934.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} The world-famous [[Mount Lowe Railway]] and associated mountain hotels shut down four years later due to fire damage. Three hotel structures have survived, the Green Hotel (a co-op since 1926), the Vista Del Arroyo (now used as a Federal courthouse), and a residential tower of the Maryland at 80 North Euclid Avenue (a co-op since 1953).<ref>Thomas D. Carpenter, Pasadena: Resort Hotels and Paradise, March Sheldon Publishing (Azusa, California), 1984, pp. 147-169.</ref>

The [[American Craftsman]] era in art and design is well represented in Pasadena. The architectural firm [[Greene and Greene]] developed the style; many of its residences still stand. Two examples of their [[Ultimate bungalow]] are the masterpiece [[Gamble House (Pasadena, California)|Gamble House]], of which public tours are available, and the [[Robert R. Blacker House]], both designated [[California Historical Landmark]]s and enrolled on the U.S. [[National Register of Historic Places]].

===Contemporary===
[[File:Caltech Military Department 1925.png|thumb|left|The [[California Institute of Technology]] in 1925]]
The [[Second World War]] proved to be a boon to Pasadena as Southern California became a major [[staging area]] for the [[Pacific War]].<ref>[https://www.cityofpasadena.net/about-pasadena/history-of-pasadena/ City of Pasadena - History of Pasadena]</ref> High tech manufacturing and scientific companies made the city their home, a trend which continued in the decades following the war, notably with [[NASA]]'s [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]], [[Tetra Tech]] and Ameron International.

In the 1950s, Pasadena saw a steady influx of people from the [[Culture of the Southern United States|Southern United States]], especially African-Americans from [[Texas]] and [[Louisiana]]. Pasadena also began hosting a large immigrant community, particularly from China, Japan, Philippines, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Italy, Armenia, and India.

The [[American Academy of Dramatic Arts]], founded in 1884 in New York, opened its Pasadena campus in 1974. However, in 2001 the conservatory moved from Pasadena to Hollywood. Training actors for the stage in a two year program, the conservatory was the first school in the United States to offer professional education in the field of acting. [[Point Loma Nazarene University]] was located in Pasadena for many years before relocating to [[San Diego County, California|San Diego County]], and retained the names Pasadena University and Pasadena College.
[[File:Pasadena 1945 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Downtown Pasadena in 1945]]
In 1969, the [[Pasadena Unified School District]] was desegregated, though the issue would continue to be fought in court for a decade. A year later, the [[Interstate 210 and State Route 210 (California)|210 Freeway]] was built along a newly chosen route. The freeway's construction was controversial, as it caused the demolition of over a thousand homes, many historic, and many claimed that the route was designed to cut off the city's less wealthy neighborhoods.

[[Downtown Pasadena, California|Downtown Pasadena]] became dangerous in some parts and deserted in others, and incidences of murder and arson skyrocketed. Old Pasadena faced destruction as plans for new high-rise developments were drawn up, though they were mostly stopped by increasingly active preservation advocates. Pasadena suffered demographically as many residents moved for the nearby suburbs or the [[Inland Empire (California)|Inland Empire]], causing an overall decrease in population.{{Citation needed|date=November 2015}} Despite these setbacks, many local artists and [[hipster (1940s subculture)|hipster]]s moved in to take advantage of low property values. Their legacy can be seen today in the [[Doo Dah Parade]] which began in 1976.

In 2014, several arrests were made involving an embezzlement scheme which stole an estimated $6.4 million from the city's Underground Utility Program.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-city-worker-embezzled-6-million-from-pasadena-da-alleges-20141230-story.html |title=Pasadena employee allegedly embezzles $6 million from city |work=Los Angeles Times |date=December 30, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allgov.com/usa/ca/news/where-is-the-money-going/pasadena-accuses-ex-city-employee-of-stealing-64-million-from-slush-fund-141231?news=855237 |title=Pasadena Accuses Ex-City Employee of Stealing $6.4 Million from "Slush Fund" |publisher=allgov.com |date=December 31, 2014 |access-date=January 6, 2015 |archive-date=January 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105012456/http://www.allgov.com/usa/ca/news/where-is-the-money-going/pasadena-accuses-ex-city-employee-of-stealing-64-million-from-slush-fund-141231?news=855237 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2025, portions of Pasadena were destroyed in the [[Eaton Fire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pasadenanow.com/main/eaton-fire-reaches-full-containment-after-devastating-altadena-and-portions-of-pasadena |title=Eaton Fire Reaches Full Containment After Devastating Altadena and Portions of Pasadena }}</ref>