Editing Parti Québécois (section)

==History==

===Formation===
The PQ is the result of the 1968 merger between the [[Mouvement Souveraineté-Association]], founded by [[René Lévesque]] (a former [[Quebec Liberal Party]] cabinet minister), and the [[Ralliement national]].<ref name="Crouch2009">{{cite book|author=Cameron I. Crouch|title=Managing Terrorism and Insurgency: Regeneration, Recruitment and Attrition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMaOAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA51|date=10 September 2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-23018-0|page=51}}</ref> Following the creation of the PQ, the [[Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale]] held a general assembly that voted to dissolve the RIN. Its former members were invited to join the new Parti Québécois.

The PQ's primary goals were to obtain political, economic and social autonomy for the province of Quebec. Lévesque introduced the strategy of referendums early in the 1970s.<ref>https://montrealgazette.com/news/echoing/6255813/story.html#ixzz1oMhu9Q2n {{dead link|date=October 2012}}</ref>

===Lévesque and the PQ's first government===
The PQ faced its first electoral test in the [[1970 Quebec general election|1970 provincial election]], winning seven seats. However, Lévesque was unable to get into the renamed National Assembly. Although it lost one seat in [[1973 Quebec general election|1973]], the decimation of the other parties, particularly the {{lang|fr|[[Union Nationale (Quebec)|Union Nationale]]|italic=no}}, allowed it to become the official opposition even though Lévesque was still unable to win a seat.

In the [[1976 Quebec general election|1976 provincial election]], the Parti Québécois won government for the first time and took 71 of the 110 seats available. Lévesque became the [[Premier of Quebec]]. This provided cause for celebration among many [[French-speaking Quebecer]]s, while it resulted in an acceleration of the migration of the province's [[English-speaking Quebecker|Anglophone]] population and related economic activity toward [[Toronto]].

The first PQ government was known as the "republic of professors" because of the large number of scholars in Lévesque's [[Executive Council of Quebec|cabinet]]. The PQ was the first government to recognize the rights of [[Aboriginal peoples in Quebec|Aboriginal peoples]] to self-determination, insofar as this self-determination did not affect the territorial integrity of Quebec. The PQ passed laws on public consultations and the financing of political parties, which ensured equal financing of political parties and limited contributions by individuals to $3000. However, the most prominent legacy of the PQ is the [[Charter of the French Language]] (Bill 101), a framework law which defines the linguistic primacy of French and seeks to make French the common public language of Quebec. It allowed the advancement of francophones towards management roles, until then largely out of their reach. Despite the fact that 85% of the population spoke French and most of them did not understand English, the language of management was English in most medium and large businesses. Critics, both Francophone and Anglophone, have however criticized the charter for restraining citizens' linguistic school choice, as it only permits anglophones to attend English-language schools funded by the state (private schools remained an option for those who could afford tuition). The Parti Québécois initiated the [[1980 Quebec referendum]] seeking a mandate to begin negotiation for [[sovereignty-association]].<ref>[https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/quebec-and-the-constitution-a-timeline-of-dead-ends "Quebec and the Constitution: A Timeline of Dead Ends", ''Montreal Gazette'', June 1, 2017.]</ref> It was rejected by 60 per cent of voters.

The party was re-elected in the [[1981 Quebec general election|1981 election]], but in November 1984 it experienced the most severe [[Parti Québécois Crisis, 1984|internal crisis]] of its existence.  Lévesque wanted to focus on governing Quebec rather than sovereignty, and also wanted to adopt a more conciliatory approach on constitutional issues. This angered the more ardent sovereigntists, known as the [[pur et dur|''purs et durs'']].  Lévesque was forced to resign as a result. In September 1985, [[1985 Parti Québécois leadership election|the party leadership election]] chose [[Pierre-Marc Johnson]] as his successor.

Despite its social democratic past, the PQ failed to gain admission into the [[Socialist International]], after the membership application was vetoed by the federal [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democratic Party]].<ref name="LipsetGomez2004">{{cite book|author1=Seymour Martin Lipset|author2=Rafael Gomez|author3=[[Ivan Katchanovski]]|title=The paradox of American unionism: Why Americans like unions more than Canadians do, but join much less|url=https://archive.org/details/paradoxofamerica0000lips|url-access=registration|access-date=18 August 2012|year=2004|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-4200-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/paradoxofamerica0000lips/page/63 63]}}</ref><ref name="Finkel1997">{{cite book|author=Alvin Finkel|title=Our Lives: Canada After 1945|url=https://archive.org/details/ourlivescanadaaf0000fink|url-access=registration|access-date=18 August 2012|date=1 April 1997|publisher=James Lorimer & Company|isbn=978-1-55028-551-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/ourlivescanadaaf0000fink/page/200 200]}}</ref><ref name="Wiseman2007">{{cite book|author=Nelson Wiseman|title=In Search of Canadian Political Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TD5bmHBbDFIC&pg=PA176|access-date=18 August 2012|year=2007|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-1388-4|page=176}}</ref>

===1985 defeat===
The PQ led by Johnson was defeated by the [[Quebec Liberal Party]] in the [[1985 Quebec general election|1985 election]] that saw [[Robert Bourassa]] return as premier. The Liberals served in office for two terms and attempted to negotiate a constitutional settlement with the rest of Canada but with the failure of the [[Meech Lake Accord]] and the [[Charlottetown Accord]], two packages of proposed amendments to the [[Constitution of Canada|Canadian constitution]], the question of Quebec's status remained unresolved and the Quebec sovereignty movement revived.

===Return to power under Parizeau===
The PQ returned to power under the leadership of hardline sovereigntist [[Jacques Parizeau]] in the [[1994 Quebec general election|1994 Quebec election]]. This saw the PQ win 77 seats and 44% of the vote, on a promise to hold an independence referendum within a year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/06/02/canada-politics-parizeau-idINL1N0YO0OM20150602|title=UPDATE 1-Former Quebec separatist leader Parizeau dies at 84|work=Reuters|access-date=18 October 2016}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} </ref> The following year, Parizeau called the [[1995 Quebec referendum]] proposing negotiations on sovereignty. Again, the sovereigntists lost the vote. The final count showed 49.42% of voters supported negotiations that could eventually lead to sovereignty. On the night of the defeat, an emotionally drained Premier Parizeau stated that the loss was caused by [[Money and the ethnic vote|"money and ethnic votes"]] (which led to accusations that Parizeau was racist) as well as by the divided votes amongst francophones. Parizeau resigned the next day (as he is alleged to have planned in case of a defeat).

===Bouchard government===
[[Lucien Bouchard]], a former member of Prime Minister [[Brian Mulroney]]'s [[Canadian Cabinet|Cabinet]] and later founder of the [[Bloc Québécois]], a federal-level sovereigntist party, succeeded Parizeau as PQ leader, but chose not to call another referendum due to the absence of "winning conditions". Bouchard's government then balanced the provincial budget&nbsp;– a feat achieved in Canada only by the federal government and a few of the ten Canadian provinces at that point&nbsp;– by reducing [[government spending]], including social programs. The PQ was re-elected in the [[1998 Quebec general election|1998 election]], despite receiving fewer votes than the Quebec Liberal Party led by former federal deputy prime minister [[Jean Charest]].  Bouchard resigned in 2001, and was succeeded as PQ leader and Quebec Premier by [[Bernard Landry]], a former PQ Finance minister. Under Landry's leadership, the party lost the [[2003 Quebec general election|2003 election]] to Jean Charest's Liberals.

===Return to opposition===
Mid-late 2004 was difficult for Landry's leadership, which was being contested. A vote was held during the party's June 2005 convention to determine whether Landry continued to have the confidence of the party membership. Landry said he wanted at least 80% of approval and after gaining 76.2% approval on the confidence vote from party membership on 4 June 2005, Landry announced his intention to resign.<ref name="landry-resignation">{{cite news|url=http://sympaticomsn.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1117929100254_5?hub=topstories |title=Bernard Landry quits as Parti Québécois leader |access-date=9 May 2007 |date=5 May 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050910215351/http://sympaticomsn.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1117929100254_5?hub=topstories |archive-date=10 September 2005 }}</ref>

[[Louise Harel]] had been chosen to replace him until a new leader, [[André Boisclair]], was elected 15 November 2005, through the party's [[2005 Parti Québécois leadership election|2005 leadership election]]. At the time of Boisclair's election, the PQ was as much as 20% ahead of the Liberals in opinion polls, suggesting that Boisclair would lead them to a landslide majority government in the next election.<ref name="polls">{{cite news | url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorialopinion/2007/03/27/pq_fails_miserably_to_rally_sovereignists.html | title=PQ fails miserably to rally sovereignists | access-date=9 May 2007 | date=27 March 2007 | work=The Star | location=Toronto | first=Chantal | last=Hébert}}</ref>

===Splintering on the right and the left===
Progressives on the left wing of the PQ perceived a rightward move by the party towards [[neoliberalism]] under Bouchard, Landry and Boisclair. In 2006, a new left-wing party, [[Québec solidaire]], was formed which included many activists who likely would formerly have been members or supporters of the PQ. Over subsequent elections, the QS attracted increasing support from left-wing sovereigntists disillusioned with the PQ.  At the same time on the right, the ADQ and later the [[Coalition Avenir Québec]] attracted the votes of right-wing and soft sovereigntists who eventually become [[Quebec autonomism|Quebec autonomists]] and [[Canadian federalism|Canadian federalists]] while retaining their Quebec nationalist identities.  These political developments resulted in the PQ being squeezed from both sides.

===Third place===
The PQ was unable to maintain the momentum it briefly had under Boisclair, and in the [[2007 Quebec general election|2007 provincial election]], the party fell to 36 seats and behind the conservative [[Action démocratique du Québec]] (ADQ) in number of seats and the popular vote: this was the first time since 1973 that the party did not form the government or the [[Official Opposition (Canada)|Official Opposition]]. Boisclair said that the voters clearly did not support a strategy of a rapid referendum in the first mandate of a PQ government. Instead of a policy convention following the election, the party held a presidents' council.  The party caucus in the provincial legislative assembly was said to have supported Boisclair continuing as leader.

On 8 May 2007, Boisclair announced his resignation as leader of the PQ.<ref name="boisclair-resignation">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/08/world/europe/08cnd-quebec.html?ex=1179288000&en=010441e320466698&ei=5070 | title=Quebec Separatist Leader Resigns | access-date=9 May 2007 | date=8 May 2007 | work=The New York Times | first=Christopher | last=Mason}}</ref> This was effective immediately, although Boisclair confirmed he would remain within the PQ caucus for the time being. He was replaced by veteran MNA [[François Gendron]], pending a leadership race and convention.
[[File:Pauline Marois Quebec-3 Sept 2012-7.JPG|thumb|right|Former PQ leader Pauline Marois greets voters in Quebec City on the eve of the 2012 general election.]]

Former Bloc Québécois leader [[Gilles Duceppe]] was the first to announce his intention to run for party leadership, on 11 May 2007. He was followed the same day by [[Pauline Marois]]. In a surprise move, Duceppe withdrew on the 12th&nbsp;– leaving Marois the only declared candidate.  No other candidates came forward, and on 26 June 2007, Marois won the leadership by [[Acclamation#Uncontested_election|acclamation]].

In June 2011, the party was shaken when four of its most prominent MNAs — popular actor [[Pierre Curzi]], former cabinet minister [[Louise Beaudoin]], and [[Lisette Lapointe]], the wife of former premier [[Jacques Parizeau]], and [[Jean-Martin Aussant]] — quit the party to sit as [[independent (politics)|independents]].  They disagreed with Marois's support for a bill changing the law to permit an agreement between the [[Quebec City|City of Québec]] and [[Quebecor]] Inc. concerning the management of the new sports and entertainment complex in Quebec City.<ref name="resignation">{{cite news|title=PQ left reeling after three top members of Quebec sovereigntist party quit |url=http://www.thecanadianpress.com/english/online/OnlineFullStory.aspx?filename=DOR-MNN-CP.8ad03e57162c461f97c54389d18b54c2.CPKEY2008111303&newsitemid=7067934&languageid=1 |access-date=6 June 2011 |newspaper=[[The Canadian Press]] |date=6 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721172218/http://www.thecanadianpress.com/english/online/OnlineFullStory.aspx?filename=DOR-MNN-CP.8ad03e57162c461f97c54389d18b54c2.CPKEY2008111303&newsitemid=7067934&languageid=1 |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref> Unrest continued later in the month when a fifth MNA, [[Benoit Charette]], also quit, citing his dissatisfaction with the party's sole focus being sovereignty. Beaudoin rejoined the PQ caucus in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/a9cois+leader+Pauline+Marois+welcomes+Louise+Beaudoin+back+into+fold/6404018/story.html |title=Parti Québécois leader Pauline Marois welcomes MNA Louise Beaudoin back into the fold |date=3 April 2012 |newspaper=[[Montreal Gazette]] |author=Philip Authier |access-date=3 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405232620/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/a9cois%2Bleader%2BPauline%2BMarois%2Bwelcomes%2BLouise%2BBeaudoin%2Bback%2Binto%2Bfold/6404018/story.html |archive-date=5 April 2012 }}</ref>

===Marois minority government===
The party won a [[minority government]] under Marois in the [[2012 Quebec general election|2012 provincial election]] with 54 of 125 seats in the National Assembly. It embarked on a program of "sovereigntist governance" in relations with the rest of Canada, to return Quebec to balanced budgets through higher taxes and debt reduction, to increase the use of French in public services, and to address resource development in Northern Quebec. However the PQ's 'new Bill 101' did not pass. The centrepiece of the government's program was a [[Quebec Charter of Values]] which would have curtailed minority religious identity by banning the wearing of religious symbols by those in the employ of the government, particularly Sikh turbans, Muslim veils and Jewish kippahs.

===2014 defeat===
Based on the charter's growing popularity among francophones, Marois called an early election for 7 April 2014 in an attempt to win a majority government.  Despite leading in the polls when the writ was dropped, the campaign went badly due to several mishaps. The recruitment of [[star candidate]] [[Pierre Karl Péladeau]], whose comments made sovereignty and the prospect of another referendum a focus of the campaign, as well as feminist [[Janette Bertrand]] suggesting that wealthy Muslim men were taking over swimming pools, among other incidents badly hurt the PQ.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/Leader+Pauline+Marois+campaign+goes+from+catastrophic+Quebec/9686637/story.html |title=Parti Quebecois Leader Pauline Marois' campaign goes from bad to catastrophic in Quebec election |access-date=26 January 2019 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923231101/http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/Leader+Pauline+Marois+campaign+goes+from+catastrophic+Quebec/9686637/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Marois' government was defeated by the Liberals, led by [[Philippe Couillard]], in the [[2014 Quebec general election|2014 provincial election]] which resulted in a Liberal majority government. The PQ won 25% of the vote and 30 seats, its worst result in terms of popular vote since [[1970 Quebec general election|1970]]. Marois lost her own seat, and announced her intention to resign as PQ leader that night.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pauline Marois resigns as PQ leader after crushing defeat|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pauline-marois-resigns-as-pq-leader-after-crushing-defeat-1.1765703|access-date=8 April 2014|newspaper=CTV News|date=7 April 2014}}</ref>

[[Stéphane Bédard]] was chosen interim parliamentary leader by the PQ caucus on 10 April 2014.<ref name=bedard>{{cite news|title=PQ elects Stephane Bedard to interim leader post|url=http://montreal.ctvnews.ca/pq-elects-stephane-bedard-to-interim-leader-post-1.1770213|access-date=10 April 2014|newspaper=CTV News|date=10 April 2014}}</ref>

In the 20 October 2014 [[Lévis (provincial electoral district)|Lévis]] by-election, PQ candidate Alexandre Bégin came in third place, with 8.28% of the popular vote, only narrowly beating Québec Solidaire.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vendeville|first=Geoffrey|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/caq-holds-the-fort-in-levis-byelection|title=CAQ holds the fort in Lévis byelection|newspaper=[[The Montreal Gazette]]|date=21 October 2014|access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>

===Péladeau leadership===
{{see also|2015 Parti Québécois leadership election}}
On 27 November 2014, [[Pierre Karl Péladeau]] announced his intentions to run for PQ's leadership, joining [[Bernard Drainville]], [[Martine Ouellet]], [[Jean-François Lisée]], [[Alexandre Cloutier]], and Pierre Céré.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Authier|first1=Philip|title=Pierre Karl Péladeau joins the PQ leadership race|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/quebec/pierre-karl-peladeau-says-he-is-in-the-pq-leadership-race|access-date=20 October 2015|work=[[Montreal Gazette]]|date=27 November 2014}}</ref>

Despite a fiercely contested race, Péladeau was the frontrunner for much of the campaign, causing Jean-François Lisée to drop out in January 2015, Bernard Drainville to drop out on 22 April 2015,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Authier|first1=Philip|title=Drainville drops out of PQ race after concluding the troops want PKP|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/quebec/drainville-drops-out-of-pq-race-after-concluding-the-troops-want-pkp|access-date=20 October 2015|work=[[Montreal Gazette]]|date=22 April 2015}}</ref> and Pierre Céré to follow Drainville only five days before the leadership election.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Authier|first1=Philip|title=After long campaign, fate of new PQ leader in the hands of party members|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/quebec/after-long-campaign-fate-of-new-pq-leader-in-the-hands-of-party-members|access-date=20 October 2015|work=[[Montreal Gazette]]|date=14 May 2015}}</ref>

On 15 May 2015, [[Pierre Karl Péladeau]] was elected permanent leader.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://montreal.ctvnews.ca/pierre-karl-peladeau-elected-leader-of-parti-quebecois-1.2375351|title=Pierre Karl Peladeau elected leader of Parti Quebecois|publisher=[[CTV News]]|date=15 May 2015|access-date=15 May 2015}}</ref>

On 2 May 2016, Péladeau announced that he was retiring from politics to dedicate more time to his family.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/pierre-karl-peladeau-steps-down-as-pq-leader|title=Péladeau stuns political world, steps down for family reasons|newspaper=[[Montreal Gazette]]|date=2 May 2016|access-date=5 May 2016}}</ref>

===Jean-François Lisée leadership===
[[Jean-François Lisée]] was [[2016 Parti Québécois leadership election|elected leader of Parti Québécois]] on 7 October 2016.

Lisée charged [[Manon Massé]] with reneging in unsuccessful deliberations for a putative electoral alliance between the Parti Québécois and [[Québec Solidaire]] in 2017.<ref>[https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/quebec-election-lisee-defends-attack-on-qs Quebec election: PQ's Lisée defends rogue attack on Québec solidaire," by Marian Scott, ''Montreal Gazette'', 26 September, 2018.]</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/politique/politique-quebecoise/201705/21/01-5100093-quebec-solidaire-rejet-clair-dune-alliance-avec-le-pq.php|title = Québec solidaire: Rejet clair d'une alliance avec le PQ| newspaper=La Presse |date = 21 May 2017| last1=Bérubé | first1=Stéphanie }}</ref>

===Collapse and brief loss of official party status===
For the [[2018 Quebec general election|2018 provincial election]], the PQ ruled out holding a referendum on sovereignty until 2022 at the earliest.<ref name=GuardianHoldout/> With the sovereignty issue taken off the table for the first time in almost half a century, the 2018 election unfolded in a historic way, being the first time in a half century a party other than the Parti Québécois or Liberals were elected to power, with a [[Coalition Avenir Québec]] majority win. It also marked the first time in 42 years that the Parti Québécois did not win enough seats to maintain [[official party status|official status]] in the legislature. With only 10 seats won, not only did it lose official status, but was relegated to third place (tied with [[Québec solidaire]]). The PQ was reduced to its smallest presence in the National Assembly since its first election in 1970. In this election the Parti Québécois only garnered 17% of the popular vote, the lowest score in party's history at the time.

With few exceptions, its support bled to the CAQ, which took several ridings that had been in PQ hands for 40 years or more, by large margins in many cases. A number of longtime PQ supporters defected to the CAQ because they no longer believed sovereignty was a realistic goal.<ref name=GuardianHoldout>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/30/terrebonne-hold-out-of-quebec-separatism-faces-end-of-the-dream|title=Canada: holdout of Quebec separatism faces end of the dream|author1=Martin Patriquin|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=30 September 2018}}</ref> Notably, the party was completely shut out of Montreal for the first time in memory, including its traditional stronghold in the heavily francophone eastern portion. Historically, when the PQ won government, the eastern half of the Island of Montreal was coated light blue. Many younger sovereigntists defected to Québec Solidaire.

Leader Jean-François Lisée was defeated in his own riding and resigned thereafter, accepting the blame for his party's failure and collapse. After 50 years in the forefront of Quebec politics, the Parti Québécois had been pushed into marginal status. According to ''[[The Globe and Mail]],'' within hours of the results being known, there was speculation that the party's very survival was in doubt; there were concerns that it was no longer capable of attracting enough support "to justify its political usefulness".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-after-50-years-pq-pushed-to-political-margins-as-lisee-loses-montreal/|title=After 50 years, Parti Québécois pushed to political margins as Lisée loses Montreal seat and resigns}}</ref> Christian Bourque of Montreal-based pollster [[Léger Marketing]] suggested that the PQ was likely finished in its present form, and would have to merge with another sovereigntist party to avoid fading into irrelevance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/02/quebec-election-results-caq-victory-francois-legault|title=Quebec election: CAQ victory proves separatism is no longer a major issue|author1=Martin Patriquin|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=2 October 2018}}</ref> On 27 November 2018, the CAQ granted both the PQ and Québec Solidaire official status in the legislature, despite the parties being short on seats and percentage of the popular vote in order to qualify.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/pq-and-qs-to-get-official-party-status-in-national-assembly|title=PQ and QS to get official party status in National Assembly|author=Presse Canadienne|work=Montreal Gazette|date=22 November 2018|access-date=6 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/pq-and-qs-to-get-official-party-status-in-national-assembly|title=Parties reach agreement in principle to give PQ and QS official party status|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|date=22 November 2018|access-date=6 December 2018}}</ref>

However, on 11 March 2019, [[Catherine Fournier (Canadian politician)|Catherine Fournier]], the youngest MNA in the party and the province and the only PQ MNA from Greater Montreal, resigned from the Parti Québécois to sit as an independent, claiming the party had lost its way. At the same time, several members of the PQ's youth wing expressed concern that the party might not have a future.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/pq-may-have-no-future-youth-wing-members-say-in-open-letter-1.4340352|title=PQ may have no future, youth wing members say in open letter|date=11 March 2019|work=[[The Canadian Press]]|access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/they-ve-lost-their-way-pq-mna-catherine-fournier-quits-party-1.4330881|title='They've lost their way': PQ MNA Catherine Fournier quits party|date=11 March 2019|work=[[CFCF-DT|CTV News Montreal]]|access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref> Fournier's defection dropped the party into fourth place, losing its standing as second opposition and potentially losing their official party status once again.

The next leadership election occurred on 9 October 2020, with lawyer [[Paul St-Pierre Plamondon]] being elected as the tenth Parti Québécois leader.<ref>{{cite news |title=Paul St-Pierre Plamondon wins PQ leadership, pledges to rebuild party|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/quebec/paul-st-pierre-plamondon-wins-pq-leadership-pledges-to-rebuild-party |access-date=22 October 2020 |work=Montreal Gazette |agency=Canadian Press |date=10 October 2020}}</ref>

===Fading out and loss of official party status===
The [[2022 Quebec general election|2022 provincial election]] saw even further erosion and an unprecedented loss of support for the Parti Quebecois. Not only did the party once again not form government or the official opposition, but it was reduced to its smallest-ever presence in the legislature, with only three seats won. The previous low was its second election, in 1973, where the party won six seats. Although new party leader Paul St-Pierre Plamondon managed to win his seat, the PQ lost its official party status and came in a distant fourth place. It won only 14 percent of the vote, its lowest ever. The movement of most voter support over to the CAQ and other nationalist parties put into question the party's relevance and its ability to survive in future.

===Barred from Quebec legislature===
On December 1, 2022, the PQ's three newly elected members were barred from the Quebec legislature following their refusal to swear an oath to the King, as required by the [[Constitution Act, 1867]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/pq-barred-from-quebec-legislature-as-legault-reiterates-plan-to-abolish-oath-requirement-1.6176626 | title=PQ barred from Quebec legislature as Legault reiterates plan to abolish oath requirement | date=December 2022 }}</ref> In response, on December 9, 2022, the CAQ passed a bill abolishing the requirement, allowing the PQ into the legislature by early 2023, however its legality is being questioned.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/quebec-adopts-law-making-oath-to-king-optional-for-elected-members-1.6188392 | title=Quebec adopts law making oath to King optional for elected members | date=9 December 2022 }}</ref>

After the 2022 provincial election, the PQ held a leadership confidence vote in March 2023. Plamondon broke a record for the PQ votes of confidence, with 98.51% support.<ref>{{cite web |title=PQ leader gets 98% approval in vote of confidence |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/pq-pspp-vote-of-confidence-1.6776563 |website=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=2023-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319090653/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/pq-pspp-vote-of-confidence-1.6776563 |archive-date=19 March 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=19 March 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/quebec/pq-to-present-hypothetical-budget-for-sovereign-quebec-this-spring | title=PQ leader Paul St-Pierre Plamondon breaks record for confidence vote }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9545979/pq-leader-paul-st-pierre-plamondon-wins-record-confidence-vote/ | title=PQ leader Paul St-Pierre Plamondon wins record 98.51% of delegate support in vote of confidence - Montreal &#124; Globalnews.ca }}</ref>

Since the 2022 election, the PQ saw an increase in its support in polls with them polling as the second largest party but still behind the CAQ.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-14 |title=CAQ leads in Quebec voting intentions, PQ trails behind: Leger poll |url=https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/caq-leads-in-quebec-voting-intentions-pq-trails-behind-leger-poll-1.6441385 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Montreal |language=en}}</ref>

On October 2, 2023, the PQ won its fourth seat with its win in the [[2023 Jean-Talon provincial by-election]], with [[Pascal Paradis]] being elected MNA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parti Québécois wins by-election in Jean-Talon, Quebec - Montreal {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10000794/parti-quebecois-wins-the-by-election-in-jean-talon-quebec/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}</ref>

Since November 2023, the PQ has been polling as the largest party with support over 30%.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2023-11-24 |title=Quebec Pallas Poll: PQ 30, CAQ 24, PLQ 16, QS 16, PCQ 11 |url=https://pallas-data.ca/2023/11/24/quebec-pallas-poll-pq-30-caq-24-plq-16-qs-16-pcq-11/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Pallas Data |language=en-US}}</ref> Their polling has reportedly been affected by the [[2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parti Québécois faces drop in support for sovereignty amid Trump threats {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/11031402/parti-quebecois-faces-drop-in-support-for-sovereignty-amid-trump-threats/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}</ref>

On March 17, 2025, the PQ won its fifth seat with its win in the [[2025 Terrebonne provincial by-election]], with [[Catherine Gentilcore]] being elected MNA.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Larin |first1=Vincent |last2=Martel |first2=Éric |date=2025-03-17 |title=Élection partielle dans Terrebonne: Le Parti québécois l'emporte haut la main |url=https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/politique/2025-03-17/election-partielle-dans-terrebonne/le-parti-quebecois-l-emporte-haut-la-main.php |access-date=2025-03-18 |work=La Presse |language=fr-CA}}</ref>