Editing Parma Calcio 1913 (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of Parma Calcio 1913}}

===Early years (1913–1968)===
{{Location map+ |Italy |width=200 |float=left| caption=Location of Parma in Italy |places=
{{Location map~ |Italy |lat=44.80554  |long=10.32825 |label=[[Parma]] }}
}}
The club was founded in July 1913 as Verdi Foot Ball Club in honour of the [[Century|centenary]] of famous opera composer [[Giuseppe Verdi]], who was born in the [[province of Parma]]. It adopted yellow and blue as its colours.<ref name="Dizionario del calcio italiano">Sappino (2000), p. 986</ref><ref name="FI history">{{Cite web|url=http://www.football-italia.net/clubs/Parma/history|title=Parma Club History|access-date=12 January 2012|work=Football-Italia.net|publisher=[[Football Italia]]}}</ref>

In December of the same year, Parma Foot Ball Club was formed from many of the original club's players and began wearing white shirts emblazoned with a black cross.<ref name="Goal history">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/it/teams/italy/4/parma/info|title=Parma|publisher=Goal.com|work=Goal.com|access-date=5 January 2011}}</ref> Parma began playing league football during the [[1919–20 in Italian football|1919–20 season]] after the end of [[World War I]]. Construction of a stadium, the [[Stadio Ennio Tardini]], began two years later.<ref name="official site tardini">{{Cite web|url=http://fcparma.com/descrizione-stadio?lang=en|work=FCParma.com|publisher=Parma F.C.|title=Stadium|access-date=22 December 2013|archive-date=28 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928073751/http://fcparma.com/descrizione-stadio?lang=en|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Parma became a founder member of [[Serie B]] after finishing as runners-up in the [[Prima Divisione]] in the [[1928–29 Prima Divisione|1928–29 season]]. The club would remain in Serie B for three years before being relegated and changing its name to Associazione Sportiva Parma in 1930.<ref name="FI history"/> In the [[1935–36 Serie C#Girone B|1935–36 season]], Parma became a founding member of [[Lega Pro|Serie C]], where the club stayed until winning promotion back to Serie B in [[1942–43 Serie C#Girone G|1943]]. [[Football in Italy|Italian football]] was then brought to a halt as the [[Second World War]] intensified, although the team did make an appearance in the [[1944 Campionato Alta Italia#Group D|Campianto Alta Italia]] in 1944.
[[File:Parma Associazione Sportiva 1956-57.jpg|thumb|1956–57 Parma in ''Gialloblù'' shirt]]

Following the restart of organised football, Parma spent three years in Serie B, then split into two regional divisions, before again being relegated in [[1948–49 Serie B#Girone B|1948–49]] to Serie C. The side would spend another five seasons in Serie C before an eleven-year spell in Serie B that included the achievement of ninth position in [[1954–55 Serie B|1954–55]], a club record at that time.<ref name="Gazzetta di Parma history"/> This was an era in which the club's players generally held down other jobs or were still in education and when the town's amateur [[rugby union]] and [[volleyball]] sides, [[Rugby Parma F.C. 1931]] and [[Pallavolo Parma|Ferrovieri Parma]], proved more popular among the more privileged.<ref name="Dunford poem">Dunford (2011), pp. 739–740</ref> Parma made its debut in European competition during the 1960–61 season, defeating Swiss side [[AC Bellinzona]] in the [[Coppa delle Alpi]], but relegation to Serie C followed in [[1964–65 Serie B|1964–65 season]]. Parma spent just one season in Serie C before a second successive relegation, this time to [[Serie D]], in 1966.

===Rebirth and improvement (1968–1989)===
The club was in turmoil and was ordered into liquidation by the Court of Parma in 1968, changing its name to Parma Football Club that year. In 1969, another local team, Associazione Calcio Parmense, won promotion to [[Serie D]]. On 1 January 1970, A.C. Parmense adopted the sporting licence of the liquidated club which had been formed in 1913. This meant that it had the right to use the ''Crociata'' shirts, the badge and the city's name.<ref name="Dizionario del calcio italiano"/><ref name="FI history"/><ref name="Gazzetta di Parma history">{{cite web|url=http://www.gazzettadiparma.it/primapagina/dettaglio/6/25265/Da_Giuseppe_Verdi_a_Wembley.html|title=Da Giuseppe Verdi a Wembley...|work=Gazzetta di Parma|publisher=Editrice Gazzetta di Parma|location=Parma|trans-title=From Giuseppe Verdi to Wembley|language=it|access-date=2 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609115327/http://www.gazzettadiparma.it/primapagina/dettaglio/6/25265/Da_Giuseppe_Verdi_a_Wembley.html|archive-date=9 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> This brought about a change of luck in both financial and sporting terms, as the side was crowned Serie D champions and spent three years in [[Serie C]] before promotion to [[Serie B]]; however, it was a short stay. The team was relegated back to Serie C in its second season in the division. A return to Serie B did not materialise until the end of the 1970s and the club again lasted only one season in the second division of Italian football.
[[File:Parma Associazione Calcio 1973-1974.jpg|thumb|left|1973–74 Parma in its classic ''Crociata'' shirt]]

Under the management of [[Cesare Maldini]], Parma once again returned to Serie B after winning its division in 1984 with victory on the final day over [[U.S. Sanremese Calcio|Sanremo]]; [[Juventus FC|Juventus]]-bound [[Stefano Pioli]] scored the only goal of the game. The Ducali again only spent a year in Serie B, finishing third from bottom and succumbing to relegation as a consequence. [[Arrigo Sacchi]] did, however, manage to return the club to Serie B in 1986 after a single season in the third tier. The side enjoyed good success that season in missing out on promotion to Italy's top tier by just three points and eliminating [[A.C. Milan]] from the [[Coppa Italia]], a result that convinced owner [[Silvio Berlusconi]] to hire Sacchi as the new manager of the ''Rossoneri''. Sacchi's replacement, [[Zdeněk Zeman]], was fired after just seven matches and replaced by Giampieri Vitali, who secured two consecutive mid-table finishes.

===Success and insolvency (1989–2004)===
[[Nevio Scala]] was appointed as head coach in 1989.<ref name="Gazzetta di Parma history"/> Scala's Parma secured a historic promotion in [[Serie B 1989-90|1990]] to [[Serie A]] with a 2–0 [[Derby dell'Enza]] win over [[A.C. Reggiana 1919|Reggiana]].<ref name="Parma '90s blog">{{Cite web|url=http://ghostgoal.co.uk/2010/05/19/parma-90s-phenomenon/|work=GhostGoal.co.uk|title=Parma: '90s Phenomenon|access-date=31 July 2010|date=19 May 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817053639/http://ghostgoal.co.uk/2010/05/19/parma-90s-phenomenon/|archive-date=17 August 2011}}</ref> Investment from [[parent company]] [[Parmalat]] helped to improve the team's fortunes and the club made its debut in [[UEFA]] competition in 1991.<ref name="Dizionario del calcio italiano"/><ref name="Parma '90s blog"/><ref name="FT Jan 2005">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4dd589d0-6376-11d9-bec2-00000e2511c8.html#axzz1T81blXdG|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210211241/https://www.ft.com/content/4dd589d0-6376-11d9-bec2-00000e2511c8#axzz1T81blXdG|archive-date=10 December 2022|url-access=subscription|title=Bondi invites bids for Parma|date=11 January 2005|access-date=25 July 2011|first=Tony|last=Barber|work=[[Financial Times]]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Morrow (2003), p. 202</ref> Scala led the club to its first four major honours. The first of these was the [[Coppa Italia]] in [[1991–92 Coppa Italia|1991–92]], beating [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] 2–1 over two legs. The following year came the first international triumph in a 3–1 victory in the [[1993 European Cup Winners' Cup Final|Cup Winners' Cup]] over Belgian side [[Royal Antwerp|Antwerp]] at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley]].<ref name="Parma '90s blog"/><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.football-italia.net/topten/eurounderdogs.html | access-date=12 December 2010 | last=Wilson | first=Steve | title=Top 10...Euro underdogs | work=Football-Italia.net|publisher=Football Italia}}</ref> The next season, the side was successful in the [[1993 European Super Cup|European Super Cup]], overcoming [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] 2–1 on aggregate, but lost the [[1994 European Cup Winners' Cup Final|Cup Winners' Cup final]] 1–0 to [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]].<ref name="Parma '90s blog"/> Scala's final success with Parma was in another two-legged final against Juventus: [[Dino Baggio]] scored twice to give Parma a [[1995 UEFA Cup Final|2–1 aggregate win]], but Juventus exacted revenge in the [[1994–95 Coppa Italia|Coppa Italia]] final. Replaced by [[Carlo Ancelotti]], Scala departed in 1996 and was a popular coach for the trophies he won and because the team played attractive football in the tradition of the club.<ref name="Dunford poem"/>
[[File:Федоренко. картиный скала.tif|thumb|[[Nevio Scala]] trained the squad between 1989 and 1996, taking it from [[Serie B|second division]] to European triumphs.]]

Ancelotti overhauled the team and guided it to a record second place in [[1996–97 Serie A|1997]].<ref name="Parma '90s blog"/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=733646&sec=europe&cc=5739 | date=30 January 2010 | access-date=15 December 2010 | title=Crespo "speechless" after making Parma return | work=Soccernet.ESPN.Go.com | publisher=[[ESPN (UK)]] | archive-date=24 October 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024010140/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=733646&sec=europe&cc=5739 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| date=24 May 2005 | url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/tactical-switch-dw525dk3xf8 | title=Tactical switch | work=[[The Times]] | publisher=Times Newspapers | access-date=20 July 2010 | location=London | first=Gabriele | last=Marcotti}}</ref> Parma consequently made its debut in the [[UEFA Champions League]] the following year. [[Alberto Malesani]] was installed as coach in 1998 and the club completed a rare cup double in his first season, winning the [[1998–99 Coppa Italia|Coppa Italia]] final against [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]] on the [[away goals rule]] and the [[1999 UEFA Cup Final|UEFA Cup]] against [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]] at the [[Luzhniki Stadium]] in [[Moscow]] with a 3–0 victory before [[1999 Supercoppa Italiana]] victory over league champions Milan followed in August 1999. In 2000, Hernán Crespo was sold to [[S.S. Lazio|Lazio]] for a [[World football transfer record|world record transfer fee]] and Malesani departed.

Under replacement [[Renzo Ulivieri]], the club lost the [[2000–01 Coppa Italia|Coppa Italia]] final to Fiorentina. Under [[Pietro Carmignani]] in 2002, Parma [[2002 Coppa Italia Final|won the third Coppa Italia]] trophy against Juventus (but would slip to defeat in the [[2002 Supercoppa Italiana]]) and finished outside the top six for the first time since promotion in 1990. This success earned it a tag as one of the "Seven Sisters".<ref name="Seventh sister">{{Cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2009/nov/23/parma-seventh-sister-serie-a | title=Seventh sister back on the scene as Parma perk up sibling rivalry | work=[[The Guardian]] | publisher=Guardian News and Media | access-date=9 December 2010 | location=London | first=Nicky | last=Bandini | date=23 November 2009}}</ref><ref name="sister meltdown">{{cite news| url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/parma-is-latest-in-italys-seven-sisters-of-soccer-to-crumble/40612/| title=Parma Is Latest In Italy's 'Seven Sisters' Of Soccer To Crumble| work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |access-date=9 December 2010 |date=10 January 2004}}</ref> In April 2004, the club was declared insolvent following the financial meltdown of Parmalat and the club remained in special administration for three years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3369079.stm|access-date=23 November 2010|title=Parmalat: Timeline to turmoil|date=28 September 2005|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref name="scandal threatens">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3373165.stm|access-date=23 November 2010|title=Parmalat scandal threatens football club|date=6 January 2004|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|first=Bill|last=Wilson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3358771.stm|access-date=23 November 2010|title=Tanzi's path from boardroom to jail|date=31 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|first=Ben|last=Richardson}}</ref>

===Rebirth and another bankruptcy (2004–2015)===
The club re-formed as Parma Football Club SpA in June 2004<ref>P{{cite web|url=http://www.figc.it/Assets/contentresources_2/ContenutoGenerico/30.$plit/C_2_ContenutoGenerico_6780_lstAllegati_Allegato0_upfAllegato.pdf|title=COMUNICATO UFFICIALE N. 6/A (2004–05)|date=8 July 2004|access-date=12 July 2015|publisher=FIGC|language=it|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091253/http://www.figc.it/Assets/contentresources_2/ContenutoGenerico/30.$plit/C_2_ContenutoGenerico_6780_lstAllegati_Allegato0_upfAllegato.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> (as a subsidiary of being liquidated Parma AC SpA) and the [[2004–05 Serie A|2004–05 season]] saw Parma plummet to its lowest finish in Serie A&nbsp;– despite a second consecutive 23-goal haul from Gilardino, who was then sold for €25&nbsp;million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bilanciomilan.it/2007/HTML/2006/HTML/PDF/bilancio.pdf|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5yDBo7IiW?url=http://www.bilanciomilan.it/2007/HTML/2006/HTML/PDF/bilancio.pdf|archive-date=25 April 2011|title=AC Milan Group 2006 annual report|work=AC Milan|language=it|url-status=dead}}</ref>&nbsp;– as managers came and went.<ref name="Seventh sister"/> Parma ended [[Serie A 2005–06|the following season]], its first without [[UEFA|European]] competition since 1991, in tenth, but returned in 2006 after the [[2006 Italian football scandal|''Calciopoli'' scandal]].
[[File:Hernán Crespo - 07FEB2007 - Francia - presidencia-govar.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Hernán Crespo]] represented the club in two spells (1996–2000 and 2010–2012), winning three trophies and becoming the club's all-time record goalscorer.]]

On 24 January 2007, Tommaso Ghirardi bought the club out of [[Administration (law)|administration]] and became the owner and president of the club.<ref name="ghirardi arrives">{{Cite news|url=http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Squadre/Parma/Primo_Piano/2007/01_Gennaio/24/ufficiale.shtml|title=Ufficiale: Il Parma è di Ghirardi|trans-title=Official: Parma is Ghirardi's|work=[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]]|publisher=[[RCS MediaGroup]]|location=Milan|access-date=29 July 2010|language=it}}</ref> Manager [[Claudio Ranieri]] helped the team avoid relegation to Serie B on the final day of the [[2006–07 Serie A|2006–07 season]] following his February appointment.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/6356587.stm|title=Ranieri appointed coach of Parma|access-date=1 August 2010|date=13 February 2007|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/SerieA/Squadre/Parma/Primo_Piano/2007/05_Maggio/27/CRONACA.shtml|last=Stanco|first=Sergio|title=La salvezza abita a Parma|trans-title=Salvation lives in Parma|work=La Gazzetta dello Sport|publisher=RCS MediaGroup|location=Milan|access-date=29 July 2010|language=it}}</ref> However, under a succession of managers, Parma's battle with relegation [[Serie A 2007–08|the following year]] was not successful, consigning the club to [[Serie B]] after 18 years in the top flight.<ref name="FI history"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://football-italia.net/blogs/jh10.html |first=James |last=Horncastle| access-date=9 December 2010| date=13 March 2008 |title= Cross to Bear |work=Football-Italia.net|publisher=Football Italia}}</ref>

[[Francesco Guidolin]] won promotion back to Serie A at the first attempt with a second-place finish and led the side to eighth on its return to Serie A in [[2009–10 Serie A|2009–10]], narrowly missing out on qualification for the UEFA Europa League before leaving for [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]]. In May 2010, Guidolin swapped jobs with [[Pasquale Marino]], who was sacked by Ghirardi in April 2011 when Parma was caught in another relegation dogfight.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11876_6170763,00.html|date=24 May 2010|title=Udinese appoint Guidolin | last=Carminati |first=Nadia|access-date=1 August 2010|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]|work=SkySports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11876_6185245,00.html |date=2 June 2010|title=Parma appoint Marino|access-date=1 August 2010 | last=Carminati |first=Nadia|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]|work=SkySports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11854_6851166,00.html |date=3 April 2011|title=Parma wield axe on Marino|access-date=4 April 2011 | last=Carminati |first=Nadia|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]|work=SkySports.com}}</ref> Under Marino's replacement, [[Franco Colomba]], Parma escaped the threat of relegation with two games to spare.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=26466 |title=Salvezza raggiunta: ci sarà il Parma nella Serie A 2011/12 |work=Sportsbook24.net |publisher=Sportsbook24 |access-date=13 May 2011 |trans-title=Safety achieved: Parma will be in the 2011/12 Serie A |language=it |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324013840/http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=26466 |archive-date=24 March 2012  }}</ref> In January 2012, Colomba was replaced by [[Roberto Donadoni]] following a winless run that culminated in a 5–0 loss to [[Inter Milan]] and the new coach led the team to eighth position in a Serie A club record seven-match winning run.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.corriere.it/sport/12_gennaio_09/esonero-colomba-parma_870d6530-3b0d-11e1-8a43-34573d1838c1.shtml|title=Fatale il 5–0 con l'Inter, esonerato Colomba|trans-title=5–0 with Inter fatal: Colomba fired|date=9 January 2012|access-date=11 January 2012|work=[[Corriere della Sera]]|publisher=RCS MediaGroup|location=Milan|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Squadre/Parma/13-05-2012/parma-recorddi-vaio-saluta-a-911215771126.shtml | title=Parma, settima da record |trans-title=Parma, record seventh | date=13 May 2012 | work=[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]] | publisher=RCS MediaGroup | first=Francesco |last= Salsano | language=it}}</ref>

In 2014, Donadoni guided Parma to sixth in Serie A and a third consecutive top ten finish, but a return to Europe in the Europa League for the first time since 2007 was barred due to the late payment of income tax on salaries, not qualifying for a UEFA license, for which the club would also be docked points during the [[2014–15 Serie A]] season.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1836553/parma-europa-league-place-handed-torino?cc=5739 | date=29 May 2014 | title=Parma lose appeal for UEFA license ''[sic]''}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/parma-deducted-one-point-financial-issues | date=9 December 2014 | title=Parma deducted one point for financial issues | work=[[FourFourTwo]] | publisher=[[Haymarket Group]]}}</ref> Financial troubles precipitated a succession of ownership changes and the club's eventual bankruptcy in March 2015 with total liabilities of €218&nbsp;million, including €63m unpaid salaries.<ref name="bankrupt"/><ref name="Times Oct 15"/><ref name="3 straight promotions">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/the-gentleman-ultra/2018/may/24/parma-serie-a-three-straight-promotions-italy|work=[[The Guardian]] | publisher=Guardian News and Media|location=London|first=Yousef |last=Teclab|date=24 May 2018|title='It can't be true': Parma return to Serie A after three straight promotions}}</ref> The club was allowed to finish the season but finished bottom of the league in 20th place. Administrators Angelo Anedda and Alberto Guiotto were forced to put some trophies to sell in an [[auction]] in a desperate attempt to raise money to cover the debt. These included: three Coppa Italia won in 1992, 1999 and 2002, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup from 1993, the 1994 UEFA Super Cup, two UEFA Cup of 1995 and 1999 and the 1999 Supercoppa Italiana.<ref name="auction">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/aug/13/parma-eight-trophies-up-for-sale|title=Bankrupt Parma put eight trophies up for sale to raise funds|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Sam|last=Robinson|date=13 August 2015}}</ref>

===Another rebirth (2015–present)===
[[File:2017–18 Parma Calcio awarded at the city hall.jpg|thumb|Parma awarded at the city hall for its 3rd in-a-row promotion between 2015 and 2018, which brought the club back from [[Serie D]] to [[Serie A]]]]

The re-founded club, '''S.S.D. Parma Calcio 1913''', was formed in July 2015, taking its name from the year of foundation of the predecessor club and securing a place in the [[2015–16 Serie D]] under [[article 52 of N.O.I.F.]] as the representative of Parma.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.figc.it/it/204/2528990/2015/07/News.shtml | title=La S.S.D. Parma calcio 1913 s.r.l. ammessa in soprannumero in Serie D |trans-title=S.S.D. Parma calcio 1913 s.r.l. placed in Serie D | language=it | date=27 July 2015 | work=FIGC.it | publisher = [[FIGC]]}}</ref> Ex-head coach [[Nevio Scala]] was appointed as president and former player [[Luigi Apolloni]] was chosen as head coach.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/parma/story/2538620/new-club-parma-calcio-1913-approved-to-play-in-serie-d|title=New club Parma Calcio 1913 approved to play in Serie D|date=27 July 2015|access-date=27 July 2015| work=ESPNFC.com|publisher= [[ESPN (UK)]]}}</ref> In the club's first season, it sold over 9,000 season tickets, more than doubling the [[Serie D]] record.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://gazzettaworld.gazzetta.it/news/parma-season-tickets/ | title=Parma sell 9,000 season tickets | date=30 August 2015 | first=Stewart | last=Rickerd | work=[[La Gazzetta dello Sport|Gazzetta World]] | publisher=[[RCS MediaGroup]] | access-date=20 September 2015 | archive-date=4 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065531/http://gazzettaworld.gazzetta.it/news/parma-season-tickets/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Parma achieved promotion from Serie D into professional football league [[Lega Pro]] with three games to spare following a 2–1 win against [[A.C. Delta Calcio Rovigo|Delta Rovigo]], ending the season in first place with 94 points from 38 games, and an unbeaten run of 28 victories and 10 draws.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36072514|title=Parma promoted to Serie C in first season after bankruptcy|access-date=23 April 2016|date=18 April 2016|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |date=22 April 2016 |title=The Return of Parma |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03r2q27  }}</ref>

Parma ended the [[2016–17 Lega Pro|2016–17 Lega Pro season]] in second place of Group B, but were promoted to Serie B after a 2–0 win over [[U.S. Alessandria Calcio 1912|Alessandria]] in the promotion play-off final.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.football-italia.net/104305/parma-back-serie-b|title=Parma back in Serie B!|publisher=Football Italia|date=17 June 2017}}</ref>

On 18 May 2018, Parma achieved a third promotion in three seasons, becoming the first Italian football club to achieve this, having finished the [[2017–18 Serie B|2017–18 Serie B season]] second behind champions [[Empoli F.C.|Empoli]] and level on points with [[Frosinone Calcio|Frosinone]], but achieving automatic promotion due to a better head-to-head record, thus making a comeback to the top flight for the next season in [[2018–19 Serie A]] just three seasons after their bankruptcy relegation to Serie D.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44177950|title=Parma secure third successive promotion to Italy's top flight after bankruptcy|access-date=19 May 2018|date=18 May 2018|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref>

On 23 July 2018, Parma were handed a 5 point deduction for the 2018–19 Serie A season, following text messages from Parma player [[Emanuele Calaio]] "eliciting a reduced effort" from two players of [[Spezia Calcio|Spezia]] ([[Filippo De Col]] and [[Claudio Terzi]]) during the 2017–18 season, a match Parma won 2–0 to secure promotion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.football-italia.net/124854/parma-handed-five-point-deduction|title=Parma handed five-point deduction|publisher=Football Italia|date=23 July 2018}}</ref> On 9 August, Parma had the 5-point deduction expunged.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/story/parma-has-5-point-penalty-removed-calaio-ban-reduced-080918|title=Parma has 5-point penalty removed, Calaio ban reduced|work=foxsports.com|date=9 August 2018}}</ref> In the club's first season back in [[2018–19 Serie A|Serie A]], they managed to achieve a 14th placed finish on the table, three points above the relegation zone.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lancs.live/sport/football/football-news/burnley-play-serie-side-pre-16497367/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617172748/https://www.lancs.live/sport/football/football-news/burnley-play-serie-side-pre-16497367|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 June 2021|title=Burnley to play Serie A side in pre-season friendly|website=Lancslive}}</ref>

For the [[2019–20 Serie A]] season, Parma finished in 11th place with 49 points. [[Dejan Kulusevski]], playing for Parma on loan from Atalanta, won the Best Young Player in Serie A award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE MVPs OF THE 2019/2020 SEASON |url=https://www.legaseriea.it/en/media/serie-a/serieas.hiwaymedia.it/media/serie-a/the-mvps-of-the-2019-2020-season |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=www.legaseriea.it |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Ahead of the [[2020–21 Serie A]] season, manager [[Roberto D'Aversa]] was sacked on 23 August 2020 and replaced by [[Fabio Liverani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://football-italia.net/official-liverani-new-parma-coach/|title=Official: Liverani new Parma coach - Football Italia|date=28 August 2020|website=football-italia.net}}</ref> Liverani would only last until 7 January 2021, himself being replaced by his predecessor D'Aversa. Parma finished the season in bottom place, managing just three wins from 38 games and were relegated to Serie B. In September 2020, Parma was purchased by American Kyle Krause.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-18 |title=Parma's new owner Kyle Krause: "It's a fantastic city and a great opportunity" |url=https://www.espn.com.au/football/blog-marcottis-musings/story/4183696/parmas-new-owner-kyle-krause-talks-to-espn-about-what-it-means-to-invest-in-serie-a |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[Enzo Maresca]] was appointed as the new head coach for the [[2021–22 Serie B]] season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-27 |title=ENZO MARESCA IS THE NEW HEAD COACH OF PARMA CALCIO |url=https://parmacalcio1913.com/2021/05/27/enzo-maresca-is-the-new-head-coach-of-parma-calcio/?lang=en |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=Parma Calcio 1913 |language=en-US |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607140457/https://parmacalcio1913.com/2021/05/27/enzo-maresca-is-the-new-head-coach-of-parma-calcio/?lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> Maresca was sacked on 23 November 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-23 |title=ENZO MARESCA SOLLEVATO DALL'INCARICO |url=https://parmacalcio1913.com/2021/11/23/enzo-maresca-sollevato-dallincarico/ |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=Parma Calcio 1913 |language=it-IT |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607140506/https://parmacalcio1913.com/2021/11/23/enzo-maresca-sollevato-dallincarico/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and replaced by [[Giuseppe Iachini]] the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-23 |title=GIUSEPPE IACHINI È L'ALLENATORE CROCIATO |url=https://parmacalcio1913.com/2021/11/23/giuseppe-iachini-e-lallenatore-crociato/ |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=Parma Calcio 1913 |language=it-IT |archive-date=23 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123203235/https://parmacalcio1913.com/2021/11/23/giuseppe-iachini-e-lallenatore-crociato/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Parma finished the season in 12th place. Argentinian attacher [[Franco Vázquez]] was the joint second highest scorer in the league with 14 goals. [[Fabio Pecchia]] took over as coach for the [[2022–23 Serie B]] season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=FABIO PECCHIA È L'ALLENATORE CROCIATO |url=https://parmacalcio1913.com/2022/06/02/fabio-pecchia-e-lallenatore-crociato/ |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=Parma Calcio 1913 |language=it-IT |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416232519/https://parmacalcio1913.com/2022/06/02/fabio-pecchia-e-lallenatore-crociato/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Parma was promoted to Serie A in the following season.