Editing Paola, Kansas (section)

==History==
[[Image:Paola kansas city hall 2009.jpg|thumb|Paola City Hall]]
[[Image:Miami county kansas courthouse 2009.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Miami County Courthouse]]

[[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], then Spanish explorers such as [[Francisco Vásquez de Coronado]] in 1541, and French missionary explorers in 1673 lived and traveled throughout the area of what is now Paola.  Despite these early European incursions at the start of the 19th century, the area was largely controlled by the [[Osage people]].

Settlement of the area primarily occurred, however, when [[Kaskaskia]], [[Peoria tribe|Peoria]], [[Wea]], and [[Piankeshaw]] tribes were forced to move to the area between 1827 and 1832.<ref name="PCOC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.paolachamber.org/|title=Paola History|access-date=2009-12-02| publisher=Paola Chamber of Commerce}}</ref> These formed the Confederated Allied Tribe, which was led by Baptiste Peoria, who was of both French and Indian ethnicity. They called their settlement '''Peoria Village'''.<ref name=MCVG9>"Miami County 2009 Visitors Guide", pages 13-15</ref>

By the 1840s, Euro-American settlers were moving into the area, and several missionaries lived in and near "Peoria Village".  One of those missionaries was an Italian priest who moved to the area in 1852. The priest, Father Paul D. Ponziglione, was credited with renaming Peoria Village to '''Paola''', after a small town on the coast of [[Calabria]], [[Italy]].  The Peoria Indians of the area continued to call it Paola, because they had great respect for Father Ponziglione.<ref name="PCOC"/>

By 1854 there was a large number of settlers who moved to the settlement, and a town plat was laid out by 1855.  In 1855, the First Territorial Legislature passed an act that incorporated the Paola Town Company.  The Paola Town Company and specifically its member Baptiste Peoria with his wife Mary Ann Isaacs are credited as being influential in the founding and development of Paola through the mid-1860s.<ref name="MCVG9"/>

During the Civil War a military post was established on the west side of Bull Creek, just west of Paola. At times troops were inside Paola itself. Paola was barely spared an attack on August 21, 1863, by Confederate guerrilla [[William C. Quantrill]] during Quantrill's retreat after raiding [[Lawrence, Kansas|Lawrence]]. Paola was {{convert|10|mi|km}} west of the retreat of Confederate Maj. Gen. [[Sterling Price]]'s force on October 24, 1864, while he was retreating toward [[Indian Territory]]. [[Paola's post]] was deactivated in August or September 1865.<ref>See the [[Paola's post]] article for complete references.</ref>

Following Kansas' admission to the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] in 1861, [[American Civil War|Civil War]] pressure to move the Native American tribes increased, and they were exiled to Oklahoma by 1868. Some individuals stayed and became citizens of the United States, however, their leader Baptiste Peoria left Paola with the tribe.  From the late 1860s and through the 1870s, Paola grew and progressed, building its first school, jail, and bank.

The railroad came to serve Paola in 1870, which also aided its progress through this time.<ref name="PCOC"/> Following the discovery of natural gas in 1882, Paola became the first town west of the [[Mississippi River]] to use it commercially and have the town illuminated using natural gas lanterns. In 1898 the Miami County Courthouse was built, designed by architect George Washburn.  Several homes and buildings were designed by Washburn, including the Paola Park Square gazebo and the Paola Free Library. Martha Smith had the Paola Library building constructed in honor of her husband John, a wine maker. It was completed in 1906 and the Paola Park Square's Victorian-style gazebo is from 1913. The library, courthouse, gazebo, and several homes are among those still in use today.<ref name="MCVG9"/>

In 1912, James Patterson moved to Paola to establish his winter quarters for his travelling circus, the Patterson Circus. The circus continued until 1927. A wall mural based on a 1924 circus pamphlet, is at 106 W. Peoria. The Patterson's home still stands in Paola in the 600 block of north Mulberry, as the only remaining structure from the circus winter headquarters.<ref name="Circus">{{Cite web|url=http://thinkmiamicountyhistory.com/Patterson-Circus.html|access-date=2013-03-07|title=The Patterson Circus|publisher=Miami County Historical Museum}}</ref>

===Paola Park Square===
[[Image:Gazebo in Paola Square.jpg|thumb|right|Paola Park Square's gazebo]]

Paola's town began with the Indian tribes who once lived in the area and used it as their primary gathering place.<ref name="MCVG9"/> Prior to their exile to Oklahoma, Indian leader Baptiste Peoria gave this area to the Paola Town Company (of which he was a member) as a treaty of peace.  The Paola Town Company later gave the square to the City of Paola, with the provision that no building be built on it.<ref name="PCOC"/> In 1867, the original gazebo was put on the square, and was a bandstand.  In the 1800s the square was used as a track for racing horses in addition to serving as a central point for parades, celebrations, and other community events. In 1913, a new Victorian-style gazebo was built, designed by George Washburn.  Paola Park Square is used for community events each year.  The 1913 gazebo is still used, and near the gazebo is a bust of Paola founders Baptiste Peoria and his wife, Mary Ann Isaacs Dagenet. It is the only known monument in the United States featuring a Native American and his wife.  A fountain in the center of the square was also added.<ref name="MCVG9"/>