Editing Pan (moon) (section)

==Prediction and discovery==
The existence of a moon in the Encke Gap was first predicted by Jeffrey N. Cuzzi and Jeffrey D. Scargle in 1985, based on wavy edges of the gap which indicated a gravitational disturbance.<ref>Cuzzi, J. N.; and Scargle, J. D.; [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/ApJ../0292//0000276.000.html ''Wavy Edges Suggest Moonlet in Encke's Gap''], Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 292 (May 1, 1985), pp. 276–290</ref> In 1986, Showalter ''et al.'' inferred its orbit and mass by modeling its gravitational wake. They arrived at a precise prediction of 133,603 ± 10&nbsp;km for the semi-major axis and a mass of 5&ndash;10{{e|&minus;12}} Saturn masses, and inferred that there was only a single moon within the Encke gap.<ref name="Showalter1986">{{cite journal | author= Showalter, M. R. | display-authors= etal| title= Satellite "wakes" and the orbit of the Encke Gap moonlet| journal= Icarus| date= 1986| volume= 66 | issue= 2| pages= 297–323| bibcode= 1986Icar...66..297S | doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(86)90160-0| url= https://zenodo.org/record/1253894| doi-access= free}}</ref> The actual semi-major axis differs by 19&nbsp;km, and the actual mass is 8.6{{e|&minus;12}} of Saturn's.

The moon was later found within 1° of the predicted position. The search was undertaken by considering all ''[[Voyager 2]]'' images and using a computer calculation to predict whether the moon would be visible under sufficiently favorable conditions in each one. Every qualifying Voyager 2 image with a resolution better than ~50&nbsp;km/pixel shows Pan clearly. In all, it appears in eleven ''Voyager 2'' images.<ref name="Showalter1990">{{cite journal | author=Showalter, M. R.| title= Visual Detection of 1981 S 13, the Encke Gap Moonlet| journal=  Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society| date= 1990| volume= 22| pages= 1031| url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/BAAS./0022//0001040.000.html}}</ref><ref name="Showalter1991">{{cite journal | author= Showalter, M. R.| title= Visual detection of 1981 S 13, Saturn's eighteenth satellite, and its role in the Encke gap| journal= Nature| date= 1991| volume= 351 | issue= 6329| pages= 709–713| doi=  10.1038/351709a0|bibcode = 1991Natur.351..709S | s2cid= 4317496}}</ref>