Editing Pan-Slavism (section)

== Origins ==
Extensive pan-Slavism began much like [[Pan-Germanism]]: both of these movements flourished from the sense of unity and [[nationalism]] experienced within [[ethnic group]]s after the [[French Revolution]] and the consequent [[Napoleonic Wars]] against traditional European monarchies. As in other [[Romantic nationalism|Romantic nationalist]] movements, Slavic intellectuals and scholars in the developing fields of [[history]], [[philology]], and [[folklore]] actively encouraged Slavs' interest in their shared identity and ancestry. Pan-Slavism co-existed with the [[South Slavs|Southern Slavic]] drive towards independence.

Commonly used symbols of the Pan-Slavic movement were the [[Pan-Slavic colours]] (blue, white and red) and the Pan-Slavic anthem, ''[[Hey, Slavs]]''.

The first pan-Slavists were the 16th-century [[Croats|Croatian]] writer [[Vinko Pribojević]], the Dalmatian [[Aleksandar Komulović]] (1548–1608), the Croat [[Bartol Kašić]] (1575–1650), the Ragusan [[Ivan Gundulić]] (1589–1638) and the Croatian [[Catholic Church| Catholic]] missionary [[Juraj Križanić]] ({{circa| 1618}} – 1683).<ref>John M. Letiche and Basil Dmytryshyn: "Russian Statecraft: The Politika of Iurii Krizhanich", Oxford and New York, 1985</ref><ref>[[Ivo Banac]]: [https://books.google.com/books?id=KfqbujXqQBkC&pg=PA71 "The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics"], Cornell University Press, 1988, pp. 71</ref><ref>{{cite book|title= The Eighteenth Century: A Current Bibliography|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=GBtVAAAAYAAJ|year= 1992|publisher= American Society for Eighteenth Century Studies|page=162|isbn = 9780001610996|quote=... the work of some early "Panslavic" ideologues in the sixteenth (Pribojevic) and seventeenth (Gundulic, Komulovic, Kasic,...)}}</ref> Scholars such as [[Tomasz Kamusella]] have attributed early manifestations of Pan-Slavic thought within the [[Habsburg monarchy]] to the Slovaks [[Adam František Kollár |Adam Franz Kollár]] (1718–1783) and [[Pavel Jozef Šafárik]] (1795–1861).<ref>
{{cite book
 |last1                = Kamusella
 |first1               = Tomasz
 |author-link1         = Tomasz Kamusella
 |date                 = 2008-12-16
 |chapter              = The Slovak Case: From Upper Hungary's Slavophone ''Populus'' to Slovak Nationalism and the Czechoslovak Nation
 |title                = The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe
 |url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=JzkWDAAAQBAJ
 |edition              = reprint
 |publication-place    = Basingstoke
 |publisher            = Palgrave Macmillan
 |page                 = 539
 |isbn                 = 9780230583474
 |access-date          = 16 October 2022
 |quote                = Kollár's and Šafárik's vision appealed for cultural unity of all the Slavs and for political cooperation and eventual unity of the Slavic inhabitants of the Austrian Empire. 
}} 
</ref><ref>Robert John Weston Evans, Chapter "Nationality in East-Central Europe: Perception and Definition before 1848". ''Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Essays on Central Europe, c. 1683–1867''. 2006.</ref>{{qn|date=October 2022}}
The Pan-Slavism movement grew rapidly following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. In the aftermath of the wars, the [[leader]]s of Europe sought to restore the pre-war ''[[status quo]]''. At the [[Congress of Vienna]] of 1814–1815, Austria's representative, [[Metternich |Prince von Metternich]], detected a threat to this ''status quo'' in the Austrian Empire through nationalists' demands for independence from the empire.<ref>
{{cite book
 |last1                = Vick
 |first1               = Brian E.
 |year                 = 2014
 |chapter              = Between Reaction and Reform
 |title                = The Congress of Vienna: Power and Politics after Napoleon
 |url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=-KKmBAAAQBAJ
 |publication-place    = Cambridge, Massachusetts
 |publisher            = Harvard University Press
 |page                 = 275
 |isbn                 = 9780674745483
 |access-date          = 16 October 2022
 |quote                = The willingness to work in part with national sentiments within the Habsburg framework [...] went to the top: to Stadion, but also to Metternich. Metternich's commitment could be seen in a small symbolic way in his Habsburg folk-dress costume theme ball, but also appeared in his plans for Austria's reacquired Italian and Polish provinces. Metternich did not favor a full federal remodelling of the Habsburg Empire, as some have suggested, but neither did he oppose concessions to a presumed national spirit as much as several critics of that interpretation have contended. [...] Metternich and the Austrians certainly believed that there was an Italian national spirit, one that they feared and opposed if it pointed to national independence and republicanism, and they did intend to combat it through a policy of 'parcelization,' that is, bolstering local identities as a means to damp the growth of national sentiment. [...] Metternich and Franz, for instance, hoped to appeal to 'the Lombard spirit' to counteract 'the so-called Italian spirit.' 
}} 
</ref>
While Vienna's subjects included numerous ethnic groups (such as Germans, [[Italians]], [[Romanians]], [[Hungarians]], etc.), the Slav proportion of the population (Poles, Ruthenians, Ukrainians, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Serbs, Bosniaks and Croats) together formed a substantial—if not the largest—ethnic grouping.