Editing Pakistan Armed Forces (section)

==History==
{{Main|Military history of Pakistan}}
[[File:Punjabi Muslim soldiers, WW1.jpg|thumb|Punjabi Muslims of the [[British Indian Army]]. The roots of the Pakistani military trace back to the [[British Indian Army]], which included many personnel from present-day Pakistan.]]
[[File:Khyberrifles.jpg|thumb|Pictured are troops of the [[Khyber Rifles]], now part of the [[Frontier Corps]], striking a pose, {{circa}} 1895.]]

The Pakistani military traces its roots directly back to the [[British Indian Army]], in which many [[British Raj|British Indian]] [[Muslims]] served during [[Indian Army during World War I|World War I]] and [[Indian Army during World War II|World War II]], prior to the [[Partition of India]] in 1947.<ref name="Manchester Univ. Press">{{cite book|last1=Heathcote|first1=T.A.|title=The military in British India: the development of British land forces in South Asia, 1600–1947|date=1995|publisher=Manchester Univ. Press|location=Manchester [u.a.]|isbn=978-0-7190-3570-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YSK8AAAAIAAJ&q=Pakistan+military+British+forces&pg=PA254|access-date=8 December 2014|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205200226/https://books.google.com/books?id=YSK8AAAAIAAJ&q=Pakistan+military+British+forces&pg=PA254|url-status=live}}</ref> Upon Partition, military formations with a Muslim-majority (such as the [[Indian Army]]'s [[infantry]] Muslim regiments) were transferred to the new [[Dominion of Pakistan]],<ref name="Manchester Univ. Press" /> while on an individual basis, Indian Muslims could choose to transfer their allegiance and service to the Pakistan Armed Forces (consisting of the [[Pakistan Army]], [[Royal Pakistan Navy]] and [[Royal Pakistan Air Force]]) or remain serving in the [[Indian Armed Forces]] of the [[Dominion of India]]. Significant figures who opted for the former included [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] (British Indian Army), [[HMS Choudri|Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri]] ([[Royal Indian Navy]]) and [[Asghar Khan]] ([[Indian Air Force#Formation and early pilots|Royal Indian Air Force]]).<ref name="Manchester Univ. Press" /> Many of the senior officers who would form the Pakistan Armed Forces had fought with [[British Armed Forces|British forces]] in [[World War II]], thus providing the newly created country with the professionalism, experience and leadership it would need in its future wars against neighbouring [[India]].<ref name="Brookings Institution Press, 2004">{{cite book|last1=Cohen|first1=Stephen Philip|title=The idea of Pakistan|date=2004|publisher=Brookings Institution Press, 2004|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-8157-9761-6|edition=1st pbk.|url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofpakistan00cohe|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/ideaofpakistan00cohe/page/99 99]|quote=Pakistan military British forces.}}</ref> In a formula arranged by the [[British Empire|British]], military resources were to be divided between [[India–Pakistan relations|India and Pakistan]] in a ratio of 64% going to India and 36% going to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|date = 6 September 2008 |url=http://dailymailnews.com/200809/06/dmcolumnpage.html |title = Pakistan Army – Saga of valour & service to the nation |work = Daily Mail|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20081119144117/http://dailymailnews.com/200809/06/dmcolumnpage.html |archive-date = 19 November 2008}}</ref>

The Pakistani military largely retained British military traditions and doctrine until 1956, when the [[United States]] dispatched a specialized [[Military Assistance Advisory Group]] to Pakistan to build its military; from this point onward, [[United States Armed Forces|American military]] tradition and doctrine became more dominant within Pakistan's armed forces.<ref name="Hamid Hussain Defence Journal">{{cite web|last1=ussain|first1=Hamid|title=Tale of a love affair that never was: United States-Pakistan Defence Relations|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/june/loveaffair.htm|work=Hamid Hussain Defence Journal|access-date=8 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304115412/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/june/loveaffair.htm|archive-date=4 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In March 1956, the [[order of precedence]] of the Pakistani military's three formal services changed from "Navy-Army-Air Force" to "Army-Navy-Air Force".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pakistan Navy Official Website|url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/chron_history.html|access-date=2021-10-11|website=www.paknavy.gov.pk|archive-date=26 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926210001/https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/chron_history.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=October 2021}}

Between 1947 and 1971, Pakistan fought three direct conventional [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|wars against India]], with the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] witnessing the [[secession]] of [[East Pakistan]] as the independent state of [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Open Democracy" /> Rising tensions with [[Kingdom of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] in the 1960s (primarily over the [[Durand Line]] dispute) and an [[Operation Cyclone|indirect proxy war]] fought against the [[Soviet Union]] throughout the 1970s and 1980s in the [[Soviet–Afghan War]] with American, [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Israel]]i assistance led to a sharp rise in the development of the Pakistan Armed Forces.<ref name="Univ. of Washington Press">{{cite book|last1=Goodson|first1=Larry P.|title=Afghanistan's endless war: state failure, regional politics, and the rise of the Taliban|date=2001|publisher=Univ. of Washington Press|location=Seattle [u.a.]|isbn=978-0-295-98050-8|url=https://archive.org/details/afghanistansendl00good}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-05-14|title=Charlie Wilson's Legacy, Operation Cyclone Afghanistan|url=https://www.richardcpendry.com/operation-cyclone-afghanistan/|access-date=2020-11-27|website=Richard C Pendry Security Consultant|language=en-US|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205073743/https://www.richardcpendry.com/operation-cyclone-afghanistan/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Pear|first1=Robert|last2=Times|first2=Special To the New York|date=1988-04-18|title=Arming Afghan Guerrillas: A Huge Effort Led by U.S. (Published 1988)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/18/world/arming-afghan-guerrillas-a-huge-effort-led-by-us.html|access-date=2020-11-27|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709124837/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/18/world/arming-afghan-guerrillas-a-huge-effort-led-by-us.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pakistan's Israel dilemma|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/pakistans-israel-dilemma|access-date=2020-11-27|website=Middle East Institute|language=en}}</ref> In 1999, an extended period of intense border-skirmishing with India, the so-called [[Kargil War]], resulted in a massive redeployment of forces in [[Kashmir]].<ref name=A.P.H.Publ>{{cite book|last1=Dutt|first1=Sanjay|title=War and peace in Kargil sector|date=2000|publisher=A.P.H.Publ|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7648-151-9}}</ref> {{As of|2014|post=,}} the military has been conducting [[counter-insurgency]] operations along the [[Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|border areas of Afghanistan]], while continuing to participate in several [[United Nations]] [[United Nations peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan|peacekeeping operations]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S-Pakistan Military Cooperation|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-pakistan-military-cooperation|access-date=2020-11-27|website=Council on Foreign Relations|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Relations With Pakistan|url=https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-pakistan/|access-date=2020-11-27|website=United States Department of State|language=en-US|archive-date=3 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503135709/https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3453.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since 1957, the armed forces have taken control from the [[Government of Pakistan|civilian government]] in various [[Military coups in Pakistan|military coups]]—ostensibly to restore order in the country, citing corruption and gross inefficiency on the part of the civilian leadership. While many [[Pakistanis]] have supported these seizures of power,<ref name="WP">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/45610132.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Oct+16%2C+1999&author=Pamela+Constable%3BKamran+Khan&pub=The+Washington+Post&edition=&startpage=A.19&desc=Army+Gets+A+Foothold+In+Pakistan%3B+Coup+Leader%2C+U.S.+Envoy+Discuss+New+Government|title=Army Gets A Foothold in Pakistan; Coup Leader, US Envoy Discuss New Government|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=29 March 2010|first=Pamela|last=Constable|author-link=Pamela Constable |date=16 October 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430050013/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/45610132.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Oct+16%2C+1999&author=Pamela+Constable%3BKamran+Khan&pub=The+Washington+Post&edition=&startpage=A.19&desc=Army+Gets+A+Foothold+In+Pakistan%3B+Coup+Leader%2C+U.S.+Envoy+Discuss+New+Government|archive-date=30 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> others have claimed that the rampant political instability, lawlessness and corruption in Pakistan are the direct consequence of consistent [[Martial law|military rule]].<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Antisystemic | url = http://antisystemic.org/satribune/www.satribune.com/archives/200504/P1_ss3.htm | title = SA Tribune | date = April 2005 | access-date = 5 January 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101201010101/http://antisystemic.org/satribune/www.satribune.com/archives/200504/P1_ss3.htm | archive-date = 1 December 2010 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | publisher = Rediff | url = http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/sep/16pak3.htm | title = Pakistan | date = 17 September 2003 | access-date = 5 January 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130507091323/http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/sep/16pak3.htm | archive-date = 7 May 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Anthem Press">{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Shahrukh Rafi|last2=Akhtar|first2=Aasim Sajjad|title=The Military and denied development in Pakistan|date=2014|publisher=Anthem Press|location=London |isbn=978-1-78308-289-6}}</ref> The budget allocation for the Pakistan Armed Forces at over 20% of the annual budget of Pakistan. Elected officials and the lawmakers have been forced to come under military rule for over 30 years of Pakistan's existence.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Qadri|first=Mustafa|date=2009-05-03|title=Pakistan's army: as inept as it is corrupt {{!}} Mustafa Qadri|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/may/03/pakistan-taliban-military-swat|access-date=2020-02-26|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>