Editing Paclitaxel (section)

==Medical use==
Paclitaxel is approved in the UK for ovarian, breast, lung, [[Bladder cancer|bladder]], [[Prostate cancer|prostate]], [[melanoma]], esophageal, and other types of solid tumor cancers as well as [[Kaposi's sarcoma]].<ref name=Saville>{{cite journal | vauthors = Saville MW, Lietzau J, Pluda JM, Feuerstein I, Odom J, Wilson WH, Humphrey RW, Feigal E, Steinberg SM, Broder S | title = Treatment of HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma with paclitaxel | journal = Lancet | volume = 346 | issue = 8966 | pages = 26–28 | date = July 1995 | pmid = 7603142 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92654-2 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1259817 | access-date = 28 October 2018 | url-status = dead | type = Submitted manuscript | s2cid = 44624033 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190626185333/https://zenodo.org/record/1259817 | archive-date = 26 June 2019 }}</ref>

It is recommended in [[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence]] (NICE) guidance of June 2001 for [[non-small-cell lung cancer]] in patients unsuitable for curative treatment, and in first-line and second-line treatment of ovarian cancer. In September 2001, NICE recommended paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced breast cancer after the failure of [[Anthracycline|anthracyclic chemotherapy]], but that its first-line use should be limited to clinical trials. In September 2006, NICE recommended paclitaxel should ''not'' be used in the [[adjuvant treatment]] of early node-positive breast cancer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bnf.org/bnf/bnf/current/21850.htm|title=British National Formulary|access-date=7 August 2007|archive-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314040938/https://about.medicinescomplete.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

It is approved in the United States for the treatment of breast, pancreatic, ovarian, Kaposi's sarcoma and non-small-cell lung cancers.<ref name="Taxol FDA label" />

===Similar compounds===
{{Further|Protein-bound paclitaxel|Docetaxel}}
Albumin-bound paclitaxel (brand name [[Abraxane]], also called nab-paclitaxel) is an alternative formulation where paclitaxel is bound to [[Human serum albumin|albumin]] nanoparticles. Much of the clinical toxicity of paclitaxel is associated with the solvent [[Cremophor EL]] in which it is dissolved for delivery.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gelderblom H, Verweij J, Nooter K, Sparreboom A | title = Cremophor EL: the drawbacks and advantages of vehicle selection for drug formulation | journal = European Journal of Cancer | volume = 37 | issue = 13 | pages = 1590–1598 | date = September 2001 | pmid = 11527683 | doi = 10.1016/S0959-8049(01)00171-X }}</ref>

[[Abraxis BioScience]] developed Abraxane, in which paclitaxel is bonded to [[Human serum albumin|albumin]] as an alternative delivery agent to the often toxic solvent delivery method. This was approved by the FDA in January 2005, for the treatment of breast cancer after failure of combination chemotherapy for metastatic disease or relapse within six months of adjuvant chemotherapy.<ref>{{cite web | title=Drug Approval Package: Abraxane (Pcalitaxel Protein-Bound Particles) NDA #021660 | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2005/21660_AbraxaneTOC.cfm | access-date=30 August 2024}}</ref> It has since been approved for locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and metastatic [[adenocarcinoma of the pancreas]] as well.<ref name="Abraxane FDA label" />

[[Taxane]]s, including paclitaxel, [[10-deacetylbaccatin III]], [[baccatin III]], paclitaxel C, and 7-epipaclitaxel, have been found in the leaves and shells of [[hazel]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ottaggio L, Bestoso F, Armirotti A, Balbi A, Damonte G, Mazzei M, Sancandi M, Miele M | title = Taxanes from Shells and Leaves of Corylus avellana | journal = Journal of Natural Products | volume = 71 | issue = 1 | pages = 58–60 | date = January 2008 | pmid = 18163585 | doi = 10.1021/np0704046 | bibcode = 2008JNAtP..71...58O }}</ref> The finding of these compounds in shells, which are considered discarded material and are mass-produced by many food industries, is of interest for the future availability of paclitaxel.<ref name="pmid36227807">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang C, Yin G | title = Safety of paclitaxel-coated devices in the femoropopliteal arteries: A systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 17 | issue = 10 | pages = e0275888 | date = 2022 | pmid = 36227807 | pmc = 9560511 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0275888 | bibcode = 2022PLoSO..1775888Z | doi-access = free }}</ref>

===Restenosis===
Paclitaxel is used as an antiproliferative agent for the prevention of [[restenosis]] (recurrent narrowing) of coronary and peripheral [[stent]]s; locally delivered to the wall of the [[artery]], a paclitaxel coating limits the growth of [[neointima]] (scar tissue) within stents.<ref name=Heldman>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heldman AW, Cheng L, Jenkins GM, Heller PF, Kim DW, Ware M, Nater C, Hruban RH, Rezai B, Abella BS, Bunge KE, Kinsella JL, Sollott SJ, Lakatta EG, Brinker JA, Hunter WL, Froehlich JP | title = Paclitaxel stent coating inhibits neointimal hyperplasia at 4 weeks in a porcine model of coronary restenosis | journal = Circulation | volume = 103 | issue = 18 | pages = 2289–2295 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11342479 | doi = 10.1161/01.CIR.103.18.2289 | doi-access = free }}</ref>  Paclitaxel [[drug-eluting stent]]s for coronary artery placement are sold under the trade name Taxus by [[Boston Scientific]] in the United States. Paclitaxel drug-eluting stents for femoropopliteal artery placement are also available.{{cn|date=September 2024}}