Editing Owen Sound (section)

==History==
[[File:Owen Sound, Grey County, Ontario, 1880.jpg|thumb|left|Community of Owen Sound, at the base of the Owen Sound inlet, in 1880.]]
The area around the upper [[Great Lakes]] has been home to the [[Ojibwe]] people since prehistory. In 1815, [[William Fitzwilliam Owen]] surveyed the area and named the inlet after his older brother Admiral [[Edward Owen (Royal Navy officer)|Edward Owen]]. The name of the area in [[Ojibwe language]] is ''Gchi-wiigwedong''.<ref>Rhodes, Richard A., Pg. 534. "Eastern Ojibwa-Chippewa-Ottawa Dictionary". Berlin: Mouton, 1985.</ref>

A settlement called "Sydenham" was established in 1840 or 1841 by [[Charles Rankin]] in an area that had been inhabited by [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] people. John Telfer settled here at that time and others followed. By 1846, the population was 150 and a [[sawmill]] and [[gristmill]] were operating. The name Sydenham continued even as the community became the seat for Grey County in 1852.<ref name="waynecook.com">{{cite web |title=The Founding of Owen Sound |url=http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_Grey10.html |website=Ontario's Historical Plaques |access-date=November 27, 2018 |archive-date=November 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128034849/http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_Grey10.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

An Ontario historical plaque explains that a First Nations Band, led by Chief Newash had a [[Indian reserve|reserve]] in the area totalling about {{convert|11,000|acres|km2 ha}}. In 1842, they established the village of Newash which initially contained fourteen log houses, a school and a barn; the population was served by Wesleyan Methodist missionaries. In 1857, the government took over the reserve area and moved most of the [[Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation|Chippewa]] inhabitants of Newash to the [[Cape Croker Hunting Ground 60B]] reserve north of Owen Sound.<ref name="waynecook.com"/>

Over the years, Owen Sound was a major port best known for its [[tavern]]s and [[brothel]]s. The community acquired names as the Chicago of the North, Corkscrew City, and Little Liverpool because of its rowdy reputation.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.owensound.ca/en/living/history.aspx |publisher=City of Owen Sound |access-date=November 27, 2018 |archive-date=July 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729230354/https://www.owensound.ca/en/living/history.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=White |first=Paul |title=Owen Sound: The Port City |year=2000 |publisher=National Heritage |location=Toronto |isbn=1896219233 |page=83}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Boltman |first=Aly |date=June 29, 2009 |title=The mistress of Branningham Grove |newspaper=Owen Sound Sun Times |url=http://www.owensoundsuntimes.com/2009/07/29/the-mistress-of-branningham-grove |url-status=dead |access-date=May 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120051/http://www.owensoundsuntimes.com/2009/07/29/the-mistress-of-branningham-grove |archive-date=August 26, 2014}}</ref> Supporting this reputation was a tavern named "Bucket of Blood", located on the corner of an intersection known as "Damnation Corners", because of taverns on all four corners,<ref>{{cite web |title=Damnation Corners |url=https://www.owensound.ca/Modules/Facilities/Detail.aspx?CategoryIds=&FacilityTypeIds=&Keywords=&Page=2&CloseMap=false&Scroll=true&id=fcc8c22f-a2d7-4c7e-89ca-1d05f3ea5e04 |website=owensound.ca |date=February 12, 2018 |publisher=City of Owen Sound |access-date=July 29, 2018 |archive-date=July 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729200611/https://www.owensound.ca/Modules/Facilities/Detail.aspx?CategoryIds=&FacilityTypeIds=&Keywords=&Page=2&CloseMap=false&Scroll=true&id=fcc8c22f-a2d7-4c7e-89ca-1d05f3ea5e04 |url-status=live }}</ref> but this location was also only a block away from an intersection with four churches called "Salvation Corners".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stgeorgesos.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/ACO-Preservation-Works-St.-Georges-Anglican-Church.pdf |title=Architectural Evaluation done for the Preservation Works! Program of the Architectural Conservancy of Ontario |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107055426/http://stgeorgesos.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/ACO-Preservation-Works-St.-Georges-Anglican-Church.pdf |access-date=October 21, 2021 |archive-date=November 7, 2017}}</ref>

Sydenham was renamed Owen Sound in 1851; by then, it was served by a direct road to [[Toronto Township, Ontario|Toronto Township]] (today [[Mississauga]]), the '''Toronto-Sydenham Road'''; which still exists as [[Ontario Highway 10|Highway 10]] and the southern portion of [[Hurontario Street]].<ref name="visitgrey.ca">{{cite web |url=https://www.visitgrey.ca/unique-grey/historical-sites |title=Historical Sights |publisher=Grey County, Ontario |access-date=November 23, 2018 |archive-date=November 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124003954/https://www.visitgrey.ca/unique-grey/historical-sites |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="waynecook.com"/> The community became an incorporated town in 1857, with a population of nearly 2000.<ref name="waynecook.com"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.owensound.ca/live/about-owen-sound |title=About Owen Sound |access-date=February 26, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303134001/http://www.owensound.ca/live/about-owen-sound |archive-date=March 3, 2013}}</ref> In 1873, the [[Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway]] from Weston arrived and allowed for shipping goods to and from the community.<ref name="visitgrey.ca"/> <!--he Toronto-Sydenham Road Heritage Plaque

Constructed mainly between 1848 and 1851, this colonization road served to open up portions of Grey and Dufferin counties and to provide a more direct route between Owen Sound and Toronto. Located in Memorial Park, Highways 6 & 10, Chatsworth.-------------This section seems to be a bit mangled. Does someone know how it fits in?-->

Louis' Steakhouse, a popular upscale restaurant just outside town, was opened by the Gavaris family in the 1980s in a historic building which changed hands several times before being demolished in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://923thedock.com/branningham-grove-coming/ |title=Branningham Grove is coming down |date=October 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004155311/http://923thedock.com/branningham-grove-coming/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |archive-date=October 4, 2016}}</ref> It was originally a home (built in 1881), but became a brothel from 1907 to 1915,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://923thedock.com/owen-sound-resident-once-again-tries-to-save-historic-branningham-grove/ |title=» Owen Sound resident once again tries to save historic Branningham Grove |date=April 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401235513/http://923thedock.com/owen-sound-resident-once-again-tries-to-save-historic-branningham-grove/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |archive-date=April 1, 2015}}</ref> where the [[Procuring (prostitution)|madam]] would stand in its castle-like tower and watch the port for a ship to come in, and she would ready her prostitutes to excite the sailors. This reputation for vice and villainy, and the problems that came with it, caused the city to ban all drinking establishments for several decades. The city was [[Prohibition in Canada|"dry"]] until 1972.<ref>{{cite book |last=White |first=Paul |title=Owen Sound: The Port City |year=2000 |publisher=Dundurn |isbn=1896219233 |pages=87 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AP3QKfiKwugC&q=owen+sound+prohibition&pg=PA87 |access-date=October 5, 2020 |archive-date=February 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214082731/https://books.google.com/books?id=AP3QKfiKwugC&q=owen+sound+prohibition&pg=PA87 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:BillyBishopMuseum.JPG|thumb|Billy Bishop Home/Museum]]
One of the city's most famous sons was [[World War I]] [[flying ace]] and [[Victoria Cross]] winner, [[Billy Bishop|William Avery "Billy" Bishop]], born in Owen Sound, and Canada's leading pilot in the war. He flew with the [[Royal Flying Corps]] and [[Royal Air Force]]. In 1917 and 1918, Bishop was credited with downing 72 enemy aircraft. He was awarded the Victoria Cross, the [[Distinguished Service Order]] and the [[Military Cross]].<ref name="waynecook.com"/> After the war, he was promoted to Air Marshall and worked as director of recruiting for the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] (RCAF). Bishop is also one of the few to have tangled with [[Manfred von Richthofen]] (the Red Baron) and survived, forcing the German pilot to retreat in a damaged aircraft. Bishop later recalled that it was a "close shave, but a wonderful, soul-stirring flight."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thedailyobserver.ca/2011/11/03/billy-bishop-vs-the-red-baron-a-close-shave-but-a-wonderful-soul-stirring-flight |title=Billy Bishop vs the Red Baron: 'a close shave, ... &#124; Pembroke Daily Observer |date=April 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420145004/http://www.thedailyobserver.ca/2011/11/03/billy-bishop-vs-the-red-baron-a-close-shave-but-a-wonderful-soul-stirring-flight |access-date=October 21, 2021 |archive-date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> Bishop's boyhood home, one of the [[National Historic Sites of Canada]], is a museum with artifacts from his life.<ref name="visitgrey.ca"/>

The former [[Owen Sound Billy Bishop Regional Airport|Billy Bishop Regional Airport]] in the nearby Municipality of [[Meaford, Ontario|Meaford]] was named after him. His modest gravesite can be visited in the city's Greenwood Cemetery by those willing to take the time to locate the stone. His boyhood home is now a museum dedicated to his life and to [[History of aviation in Canada|Canada's aviation history]]. The town was also the home of [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) [[Hockey Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] goaltender [[Harry Lumley (ice hockey)|Harry Lumley]] and the artist [[Tom Thomson]] (buried in the nearby village of [[Leith, Ontario|Leith]]). Surgeon [[Norman Bethune]], an avowed [[Communism|communist]] and pioneer of public medicine who gained notoriety in his innovative medical work with the Chinese army during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], is an alumnus of the [[Owen Sound Collegiate and Vocational Institute]]. Legendary hockey broadcaster [[Bill Hewitt (sportscaster)|Bill Hewitt]] was once sports director of the local AM radio station, [[CFOS]]. [[Thomas William Holmes]], another Victoria Cross winner, was also from Owen Sound, and the city's armoury bears his name.

In 2005, Owen Sound became the National [[Communities in Bloom]] champion in the cities of 20,001–50,000 category in Canada for its beauty, natural landscape, and strong sense of community.<ref>{{cite web |title=Owen Sound wins her category in 2005 Communities in Bloom |url=http://www.communitiesinbloom.ca/Default.aspx?ID=40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622190125/http://www.communitiesinbloom.ca/Default.aspx?ID=40 |archive-date=June 22, 2007 |access-date=October 5, 2012}}</ref> Owen Sound has been recently recognized as a good [[retirement community]] due to its cultural, sports and natural amenities.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bland |first=Warren R. |title=Retire in Style 60 Outstanding Places Across the USA and Canada |year=2005 |publisher=Next Decade |location=Chester, New Jersey |isbn=1932919198 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781932919196/page/57 57–62] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781932919196/page/57}}</ref>