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==Early years and education== Zadkine was born on 28 January 1888 as '''Yossel Aronovich Tsadkin''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Иосель Аронович Цадкин}}) in the city of [[Vitebsk]], in the Russian Empire (now Belarus).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zadkine.paris.fr/ossip-zadkine/sa-biographie/une-enfance-en-russie|title=Une enfance en Russie|work=paris.fr|date=19 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://chagal-vitebsk.com/node/155|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305212642/http://chagal-vitebsk.com/node/155|url-status=usurped|archive-date=5 March 2012|title=Людмила Хмельницкая. Витебское окружение Марка Шагала|work=chagal-vitebsk.com}}</ref> He was born to a baptized Jewish father and a mother named Zippa-Dvoyra, who he claimed to be of Scottish origin.<ref name=":0" /> Archival materials state that Iosel-Shmuila Aronovich Tsadkin was of Jewish faith and studied in the Vitebsk City Technical School between 1900 and 1904. He also studied in the [[Yudel Pen|Yury Pen]]'s art school with would-be artists [[Marc Chagall]] (then Movsha Shagal)<ref name="Diment">{{cite journal |last1=Diment |first1=Galya |title=Yehuda Pen, The Sholem Aleichem of Painting |journal=Ars Judaica the Bar Ilan Journal of Jewish Art |date=1 January 2021 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=61–86 |doi=10.3828/aj.2021.17.4 |url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/full/10.3828/aj.2021.17.4 |access-date=23 June 2024 |language=en |issn=2516-4252}}</ref> and [[Victor Mekler]] (then Avigdor Mekler). Archival materials contradict Zadkine himself and states that his father did not convert to the Russian Orthodox religion and his mother was not of a Scottish extraction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chagal-vitebsk.com/node/200|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730022229/http://chagal-vitebsk.com/node/200|url-status=usurped|archive-date=30 July 2012|title=Александр Лисов. Цадкин и Витебск|work=chagal-vitebsk.com}}</ref> He had 5 siblings: sisters Mira, Roza and Fania and brothers Mark and Moses. Zadkine claimed in his memoir that at the age of fifteen he had been sent by his father to [[Sunderland]] in the north of England, to stay with distant Scottish relatives and learn some "good manners". However, recent research has discovered that he ran away from home with a younger brother,and ended up living in Sunderland with the family of his paternal uncle, Joseph Zadkin, who had himself emigrated from Belarus a few years previously. In Sunderland he took art classes in Sunderland Town Hall and was taught to use a chisel by his uncle who was a cabinetmaker.<ref>Cathy Corbett, "Ossip Zadkine: The reinvention of an émigré sculptor". Essay in catalogue for Zadkine aan Zee/ Zadkine by the Sea exhibition at Museum Beelden aan Zee, Den Haag, October 2018 - Feb 2019 (Waanders Uitgevers, 2018)</ref> He then moved to London and attended lessons at the [[Regent Street Polytechnic]] where he won a prize for modelling in 1908<ref>''Regent Street Polytechnic School of Art prizewinners Book'', Archive of Regent Street Polytechnic, University of Westminster</ref> but considered the teachers to be too conservative.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sculptureinternationalrotterdam.nl/en/kunstenaars/ossip-zadkine-2|title=Ossip Zadkine, 1888–1967|work= Sculpture International Rotterdam}}</ref> Zadkine settled in Paris in 1910. He studied at the [[École des Beaux-Arts]] for six months. In 1911 he lived and worked in [[La Ruche (residence)|La Ruche]]. While in Paris he joined the [[Cubist]] movement, working in a Cubist idiom from 1914 to 1925. He later developed his own style, one that was strongly influenced by African and Greek art.<ref>{{cite web|title=La source grecque, l'enracinement d'une "terre"|url=http://www.zadkine.paris.fr/fr/ossip-zadkine/sa-biographie/la-source-grecque-lenracinement-dune-terre|work=paris.fr|date=14 May 2012 }}</ref>
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