Editing Osman I (section)

==Name==
[[File:Paolo Veronese (Nachfolger) - Sultan Osman I. - 2242 - Bavarian State Painting Collections.jpg|thumb|right|16th-century depiction of ''Otomano P[rim]o'' (Osman I) by [[Paolo Veronese]]]]
Some scholars have argued that Osman's original name was Turkish, probably Atman or [[Ataman]], and was only later changed to ''ʿO<u>s</u>mān'', of Arabic origin. The earliest Byzantine sources, including Osman's contemporary and Greek historian [[George Pachymeres]], spell his name as Ἀτουμάν (Atouman) or Ἀτμάν (Atman), whereas Greek sources regularly render both the Arabic form ''ʿU<u>th</u>mān'' and the Turkish version ''ʿO<u>s</u>mān'' with θ, τθ, or τσ. An early Arabic source mentioning him also used "ط" (''[[Teth|ṭ]]'') rather than "ث" (''<u>[[Ṯāʾ|th]]</u>'') in one instance. Osman thus could have adopted the more prestigious Muslim name later in his life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kafadar |first=Cemal |title=Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State |date=1995 |page=124 }}</ref> Turkish historian [[Halil İnalcık]] argued that the hypotheses that Osman was in fact named Ataman (per George Pachymeres), and that he came from the ''[[Cumania|Dasht-i Qipchaq]]'' north of the [[Black Sea]], are both remote possibilities.<ref>{{TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi|author=Halil İnalcık|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/osman-i|title=Osman I عثمان (ö. 724/1324) Osmanlı Devleti’nin ve hânedanının kurucusu (1302–1324).}}</ref>

Arab scholars like [[Shihab al-Umari]] and [[Ibn Khaldun]] used the name Othman, while [[Ibn Battuta]], who visited the region during [[Orhan]]'s reign, called him Osmancık (also spelled Othmānjiq or Osmanjiq).<ref>Ahmet Yaşar Ocak, (2000), Osmanli Devleti'nin kuruluşu: efsaneler ve gerçekler, p. 45 (in Turkish)</ref> The suffix -cık (or -cuk), indicates the diminutive in Turkish, thus he was known by the name of Osmancik, which means "Osman the Little", to differentiate between him and the third [[Rashidun Caliphate|Rashidun Caliph]] "[[Uthman]] the Great".<ref>Kenje Kara, Daniel Prior, (2004), ''Archivum Ottomanicum, Volume 22'', p. 140</ref>

From the 16th century until well into the 18th century, his name was written as "[[wikt:Ottoman|Ottoman]]",<ref>{{cite book|year=1550|title=The Vnion of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KR5PAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP1100|quote=In the beginning of this yere Sulton Solyman Pac called yͤ great Turke which was but the. viii. of the ligne of Ottoman, the firſt that toke vpō hym to be a great capitain or ruler […]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|year=1560|title=A Famous Cronicle of Oure Time, Called Sleidanes Commentaries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ef89AAAAcAAJ&pg=PP388|quote=Ottoman the firſte Emperour of this Turkiſhe nation, […]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|year=1625|last=Bacon|first=Francis|authorlink=Francis Bacon|title=The Essays or Counsels, Civil and Moral|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zsx5zvjvyDIC|page=313–314|quote=In the Firſt Place are ''Conditores Imperiorum''; ''Founders of States'', and ''Common-Wealths'': Such as were ''Romulus'', ''Cyrus'', ''Cæſar'', ''Ottoman'', ''Iſmael''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|year=1689|last=Cressener|first=Drue|authorlink=Drue Cressener|title=The Judgments of God Upon the Roman-Catholick Church|page=128|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8dM0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA128|quote=It is unqueſtionable, that about the year 1300 upon ''Aladin''{{'}}s Death, ''Ottoman'' was an abſolute Soveraign […]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|year=1737|last=Martin|first=Benj.|authorlink=Benjamin Martin (lexicographer)|title=Bibliotheca Technologica: or, a Philological Library of Literary Arts and Sciences|page=396|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pp1eAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA396|quote=''OTTOMAN'' the Son of ''Ethrogul'' the Son of ''Solyman'' (who was drove out of ''Perſia'' by the ''Tartars'') was about ''A''.''D''. 1290 ſaluted with the Title of ''Governor'' of the ''Oguzian Turks'' in ''Aſia'' […]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|year=1751|title=A General History of the Several Nations of the World|page=123|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XjYLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA123|quote=''Ottoman'', notwithſtanding this Succeſs, thought fit to agree to a Truce with the Chriſtians […]}}</ref> "Otoman"<ref>{{cite book|title=The Principal Nauigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoueries|year=1599|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tGDhn_ZWqRUC&pg=PA490|page=490|quote=[…] Ortogules, ſonne to Oguzalpes, and father to Otoman the firſt of name of the Turkiſh nation […]}}</ref> or "Othoman"<ref>{{cite book|title=The Great Historical, Geographical, Genealogical and Poetical Dictionary|year=1701|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbV2Om5YPtEC&pg=PP178|page=178|quote=OTHOMAN, or OSMAN, the firſt King of the ''Turks'' […]}}</ref> in English ([[Early Modern English]]). The adjective "Ottoman" comes from this name.<ref>{{cite book|last=Feodorov|first=Ioana|title=Arabic Printing for the Christians in Ottoman Lands
|year=2023|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qhzTEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR14|page=xiv|quote=The word ‘Ottoman’ comes from this Sultan’s Turkish name: عثمان بن أرطغرل Otmān (with variants recorded in the European chronicles: Otman, Otoman) bin Ertuğrul.}}</ref>