Editing Organic reaction (section)

==Classifications==
Organic chemistry has a strong tradition of naming a specific reaction to its inventor or inventors and a long '''[[List of organic reactions|list]]''' of so-called '''[[named reaction]]s''' exists, conservatively estimated at 1000. A very old named reaction is the [[Claisen rearrangement]] (1912) and a recent named reaction is the [[Bingel reaction]] (1993). When the named reaction is difficult to pronounce or very long as in the [[Corey–House–Posner–Whitesides reaction]] it helps to use the abbreviation as in the [[CBS reduction]]. The number of reactions hinting at the actual process taking place is much smaller, for example the [[ene reaction]] or [[aldol reaction]].

Another approach to organic reactions is by type of [[organic reagent]], many of them [[inorganic compound|inorganic]], required in a specific transformation. The major types are [[oxidizing agent]]s such as [[osmium tetroxide]], [[reducing agent]]s such as [[lithium aluminium hydride]], [[base (chemistry)|bases]] such as [[lithium diisopropylamide]] and [[acid]]s such as [[sulfuric acid]].

Finally, reactions are also classified by mechanistic class.  Commonly these classes are (1) polar, (2) radical, and (3) pericyclic.  Polar reactions are characterized by the movement of electron pairs from a well-defined source (a [[Nucleophile|nucleophilic]] bond or lone pair) to a well-defined sink (an [[Electrophile|electrophilic]] center with a low-lying antibonding orbital).  Participating atoms undergo changes in charge, both in the formal sense as well as in terms of the actual electron density.  The vast majority of organic reactions fall under this category.  Radical reactions are characterized by species with unpaired electrons ([[Radical (chemistry)|radicals]]) and the movement of single electrons.  Radical reactions are further divided into [[Chain propagation|chain]] and nonchain processes.  Finally, [[pericyclic reaction]]s involve the redistribution of chemical bonds along a cyclic [[transition state]].  Although electron pairs are formally involved, they move around in a cycle without a true source or sink.  These reactions require the continuous overlap of participating orbitals and are governed by [[Woodward–Hoffmann rules|orbital symmetry considerations]].  Of course, some chemical processes may involve steps from two (or even all three) of these categories, so this classification scheme is not necessarily straightforward or clear in all cases.  Beyond these classes, transition-metal mediated reactions are often considered to form a fourth category of reactions, although this category encompasses a broad range of elementary organometallic processes, many of which have little in common and very specific.