Editing Oresteia (section)

==''Agamemnon''==
{{see also|Páthei máthos}}
{{Infobox play
| name = Agamemnon
| image = The Murder Of Agamemnon - Project Gutenberg eText 14994.png
| caption = The murder of [[Agamemnon]], from an 1879 illustration from ''Stories from the Greek Tragedians'' by Alfred Church
| writer = [[Aeschylus]]
| chorus = Elders of [[Ancient Argos|Argos]]
| characters = Watchman<br />[[Clytemnestra]]<br />Herald<br />[[Agamemnon]]<br />Messenger<br />[[Cassandra]]<br />[[Aegisthus]]
| setting = Argos, before the royal palace
|mute=Soldiers<br />Servants}}

''Agamemnon'' ({{lang|grc|Ἀγαμέμνων}}, ''Agamémnōn'') is the first of the three plays within the ''Oresteia'' trilogy. It details the homecoming of [[Agamemnon]], King of [[Mycenae]], from the [[Trojan War]]. After ten years of warfare, and Troy fallen, all of Greece could lay claim to the victory. Waiting at home for Agamemnon is his wife, Queen [[Clytemnestra]], who has been plotting his murder. She desires his death to avenge the sacrifice of her daughter [[Iphigenia]], to exterminate the only thing hindering her from taking the crown, and to finally be able to publicly embrace her good-time lover [[Aegisthus]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Burke|first=Kenneth|author-link=Kenneth Burke|title=Form and Persecution in the Oresteia|jstor=27538150|journal=[[The Sewanee Review]]|volume=60|issue=3|date=July–September 1952|pages=377–396}}</ref>

The play opens with a watchman looking down and over the sea, reporting that he has been lying restless "like a dog" for a year, waiting to see some sort of signal confirming a Greek victory in [[Troy]]. He laments the fortunes of the house, but promises to keep silent: "A huge ox has stepped onto my tongue." The watchman sees a light far off in the distance—a bonfire signaling Troy's fall—and is overjoyed at the victory and hopes for the hasty return of his king, as the house has "wallowed" in his absence. Clytemnestra is introduced to the audience, and she declares that there will be celebrations and sacrifices throughout the city as Agamemnon and his army return.

Upon the return of Agamemnon, his wife laments in full view of [[Ancient Argos|Argos]] how horrible the wait for her husband and King has been. After her soliloquy, Clytemnestra pleads with and persuades Agamemnon to walk on the robes laid out for him. This is a very ominous moment in the play, as loyalties and motives are questioned. The King's new concubine, [[Cassandra]], is now introduced, and this immediately spawns hatred from the queen, Clytemnestra. Cassandra is ordered out of her chariot and to the altar, where, once she is alone, she begins predicting the death of Agamemnon and her own shared fate.

Inside the house, a cry is heard: Agamemnon has been stabbed in the bathtub. The chorus separates from one another and rambles to themselves, proving their cowardice, when another final cry is heard. When the doors are finally opened, Clytemnestra is seen standing over the dead bodies of Agamemnon and Cassandra. Clytemnestra describes the murder in detail to the chorus, showing no sign of remorse or regret. Suddenly, the exiled lover of Clytemnestra, Aegisthus, bursts into the palace to take his place next to her. Aegisthus proudly states that he devised the plan to murder Agamemnon and claim revenge for his father (the father of Aegisthus, Thyestes, was tricked into eating two of his sons by his brother Atreus, the father of Agamemnon). Clytemnestra claims that she and Aegisthus now have all the power, and they re-enter the palace with the doors closing behind them.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Oresteia|author=Aeschylus|publisher=Penguin Group|year=1975|isbn=978-0-14-044333-2|location=New York, New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oresteiaaesc00aesc/page/103 103–172]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/oresteiaaesc00aesc/page/103}}</ref>

Like most Greek tragedies, ''Agamemnon'' is a morally complex play. Agamemnon may be an admired veteran of the Trojan War but it is made clear that many do not approve of the way he sacrificed his daughter, Iphigenia. Many citizens resent Agamemnon because they lost their sons and husbands in the war he initiated. Similarly, Clytemnestra is both her husband's murderer and her daughter's avenger; Aeschylus continues to explore the fundamental moral quandary of vengeance and "justified" bloodshed in ''The Libation Bearers'' and ''The Eumenides''.<ref>For more on the complexity of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, see Bednarowski, P. K. (2015). Surprise and Suspense in Aeschylus' Agamemnon. American Journal of Philology, 136(2), 179–205. https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2015.0030</ref>