Editing Orange County, Indiana (section)

==History==
Orange County was formed from parts of [[Knox County, Indiana|Knox County]], [[Gibson County, Indiana|Gibson County]] and [[Washington County, Indiana|Washington County]] by the [[Indiana Territory#Legislature|Indiana Territorial Legislature]], on December 26, 1815 (effective February 1, 1816). In 1816 the Orange County seat was designated at Paoli, which was named after Pasquale Paoli Ash, the 12-year-old son of the sitting North Carolina Governor.<ref>[http://www.monon.org/location0606.html ''Paoli'' - Monon Historical (June 2006)]</ref>

The early settlers were mostly Quakers fleeing the institution of slavery in [[Orange County, North Carolina]]. [[Jonathan Lindley]] brought his group of [[Quakers]] from North Carolina to the area in 1811. They were the first to build a religious structure, the Lick Creek Meeting House in 1813. It was from this group that Orange County got its name.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orange County Indiana Genealogy Trails |url=http://genealogytrails.com/ind/orange/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=De Witt Clinton Goodrich & Charles Richard Tuttle |url=https://archive.org/details/anillustratedhi02tuttgoog |title=An Illustrated History of the State of Indiana |publisher=R. S. Peale & Co. |year=1875 |location=Indiana |page=[https://archive.org/details/anillustratedhi02tuttgoog/page/n581 569]}}</ref> (See [[List of Indiana county name etymologies]]). The name Orange derives from the [[Dutch Reformed Church|Dutch Protestant]] [[Prince of Orange|House of Orange]], which accessed the English throne with the accession of [[William III of England|King William III]] in 1689, following the [[Glorious Revolution]].

When the North Carolina Quakers came to Indiana, they brought several freed slaves. These free men were deeded {{convert|200|acre|km2}} of land in the heart of a dense forest. Word of mouth soon spread the news, and this land became part of the "underground railroad" for runaway slaves. For many years, the freed slaves in this area farmed, traded, and sold their labor to others while living in this settlement. A church and cemetery were constructed.

All that remains today is the cemetery, with many lost or vandalized headstones. Several years ago, Boy Scouts restored the cemetery, replacing the stones with wooden crosses designating a grave. The name of "Little Africa" came about because of the black settlement, but it was called "Paddy's Garden" by its early users. {{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

===Courthouse===
The first courthouse was a temporary log structure that was built for $25; a more permanent stone structure was completed in 1819 at a cost of $3,950.{{#tag:ref|A $3,950 capital expense in 1816 would be roughly equivalent to $2,000,000 in 2010.<ref name="WM">Williamson, Samuel H. (April 2010).  ''Seven Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1774 to present''. [http://www.measuringworth.com MeasuringWorth]. Calculations made using Nominal GDP Per Capita, a measure of capital intensivity, using "the 'average' per-person output of the economy in the prices of the current year." This is a measure of the amount of capital and volume of labor required to reproduce the work over varying production methods, but assuming that money represents a proportion of the economy.</ref>|group="n"}} <ref>Goodspeed 1884, pp. 421–3.</ref> In 1847, plans were made for a larger courthouse, which was completed in 1850 at a cost of $14,000.{{#tag:ref|A $14,000 capital expense in 1850 would be roughly equivalent to $6,000,000 in 2010.<ref name=WM/>|group="n"}} This building is the second oldest courthouse in the state that has been continuously used since its construction. Like the oldest in [[Ohio County, Indiana|Ohio County]], it is a [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]] building with two stories and a Doric portico supported by fluted columns; it has ornamental iron stairs and a clock tower. In 1970, the clock tower was damaged by fire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Counts |first=Will |title=The 92 Magnificent Indiana Courthouses |last2=Jon Dilts |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-253-33638-5 |location=Bloomington IN |page=124}}</ref> On August 6, 2023 the clock tower was damaged by an EF-1 tornado.