Editing Orange, California (section)

==History==
{{more citations needed section|date=July 2013}}
Members of the [[Tongva]] and [[Juaneño]]/[[Luiseño]] ethnic group long inhabited this area. After the 1769 expedition of [[Gaspar de Portolá]], an expedition out of [[San Blas, Nayarit]], Mexico, led by Father [[Junípero Serra]], named the area Vallejo de Santa Ana (Valley of Saint Anne). On November 1, 1776, [[Mission San Juan Capistrano]] became the area's first permanent European settlement in [[Alta California]], [[New Spain]].<ref>[https://www.historicalorange.org/new-page#:~:text=The%20Tongva%2C%20later%20know%20as,as%20far%20inland%20into%20Temecula History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213084117/https://www.historicalorange.org/new-page#:~:text=The%20Tongva%2C%20later%20know%20as,as%20far%20inland%20into%20Temecula|date=February 13, 2023}}.</ref>

[[File:CityOfOrange-1891.jpg|thumb|left|Orange, 1891]]

In 1801, the [[Spanish Empire]] granted {{convert|62500|acre|km2}} to [[José Antonio Yorba]], which he named ''Rancho San Antonio''. Yorba's great rancho included the lands where the cities of [[Olive, California|Olive]], Orange, [[El Modena]], [[Villa Park, California|Villa Park]], [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]], [[Tustin]], [[Costa Mesa]] and [[Newport Beach]] stand today. Smaller ranchos evolved from this large rancho, including the [[Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana]].{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

Don Juan Pablo Grijalva, a retired known Spanish [[soldier]] and the area's first landowner, was granted permission in 1809 by the Spanish [[Colonialism|colonial]] government to establish a [[Ranchos of California|rancho]] in "''the place of the Arroyo de Santiago''".{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}

=== American era ===
After the [[Mexican–American War]], Alta California was ceded to the United States by [[Mexico]] with the signing of the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] in 1848, and though many [[Californio]]s lost titles to their lands in the aftermath, Grijalva's descendants retained ownership through marriages to [[Anglo]]-[[United States|Americans]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 25, 2021 |title=Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo |access-date=September 28, 2022 |website=National Archives |language=en |archive-date=September 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928083014/https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo |url-status=live }}</ref>

Since at least 1864, Los Angeles attorneys [[Alfred Chapman]] and [[Andrew Glassell]], together and separately, held about {{convert|5400|acre|km2}} along both sides of the [[Santiago Creek]] (Glassell also had a {{convert|4000|acre|km2|adj=on}} parcel where Costa Mesa is today). Water was the key factor for the location of their townsite (bordered by Almond Avenue on the south, Lemon Street on the west, Glassell Street on the east, and Maple Avenue on the north). Glassell needed a spot he could irrigate, bringing water down from the Santa Ana Canyon and the quality of the soil may have influenced his choice. Originally, the community was named ''Richland'', but in 1873 Richland got a new name.
In the book, ''Orange, The City 'Round The Plaza'' by local historian [[Phil Brigandi]], it states, "In 1873 the town had grown large enough to require a post office, so an application was sent to Washington. It was refused, however, as there was (and is) already a Richland, California in [[Sacramento County]]. Undaunted, the Richlanders proposed a new name – Orange."<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Orange |url=https://www.historicalorange.org/new-page |access-date=September 28, 2022 |website=Orange Community Historical Society |language=en-US |archive-date=September 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928082947/https://www.historicalorange.org/new-page |url-status=live }}</ref>

The small town was incorporated on April 6, 1888, under the general laws of the state of California. Orange was the only city in Orange County to be planned and built around a plaza, earning it the nickname ''Plaza City''.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cityoforange.org/localhistory/plaza/history.htm|title= The Plaza – History|publisher= City of Orange CA|access-date= May 3, 2009|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090626064402/http://www.cityoforange.org/localhistory/plaza/history.htm|archive-date= June 26, 2009|url-status= dead|df= mdy-all}}</ref> Orange was the first developed town site to be served by the [[California Southern Railroad]] when the nation's second [[Transcontinental railroad|transcontinental rail line]] reached Orange County.<ref>According to company records{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}}</ref>

The town experienced its first growth spurt during the last decade of the 19th century (as did many of the surrounding communities), thanks to ever-increasing demands for California-grown citrus fruits, a period some refer to as the "Orange Era". Southern California's real estate "boom" of 1886–1888, fueled by railroad rate wars, also contributed to a marked increase in population. Like most cities in Orange County, agriculture formed the backbone of the local economy, and growth thereafter was slow and steady until the 1950s, when a second real estate boom spurred development. Inspired by the development of a region-wide [[freeway]] system which connected Los Angeles' urban center with outlying areas like Orange, large tracts of housing were developed from the 1950s to the early 1970s and continues today, albeit at a much slower pace, at the eastern edge of the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of Orange – Orange County Historical Society |url=https://www.orangecountyhistory.org/wp/?page_id=197 |access-date=2024-07-16 |language=en-US |archive-date=July 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716061225/https://www.orangecountyhistory.org/wp/?page_id=197 |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the City of Orange approved the closure of North and South Glassell Street to open the Orange Plaza Paseo, where businesses located on each street could open [[Social distancing|socially-distant]] outdoor seating and patios. On December 8, 2020, the city council voted unanimously to continue to keep the street closed until state or local restrictions end or by council direction.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hicks|first1=Angelina|last2=Joukhadar|first2=Joy|date=December 22, 2020|title=Orange City Council Extends Glassell Street Closure in Orange Plaza Paseo|url=https://voiceofoc.org/2020/12/orange-city-council-extends-glassell-street-closure-in-orange-plaza-paseo/|access-date=February 23, 2021|work=Voice of OC|language=en-US|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129015636/https://voiceofoc.org/2020/12/orange-city-council-extends-glassell-street-closure-in-orange-plaza-paseo/|url-status=live}}</ref>