Editing Opis (section)

==Location==
[[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] and [[Greek language|Greek]] texts indicate that it was located on the east side of the Tigris, near the [[Diyala River]].<ref>Clark Hopkins, "A Bird's-eye View of Opis and Seleucia", Antiquity, vol. 13, iss. 52, pp. 440-448, December 1939</ref> 
The precise site of the city has been uncertain for a long time, though at one point thought to be near or under the city of [[Seleucia]].
<ref>R. H., "Excavations in Iraq", The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 133-135, Jul 1930</ref> The site of Tel Abir was also proposed as the location of Opis.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.30704/page/n17/mode/1up]William Horsburgh Lane, "Babylonian Problems", J. Murray, 1923</ref><ref>Luckenbill, D. D., "The Site of Opis", The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 148–51, 1924</ref>

Several texts suggest that Upi is in the same area as the city of [[Akkad (city)|Akkad]], also unlocated, and in the area between [[Sippar]] and [[Eshnunna]].<ref>Wall-Romana, Christopher, "An Areal Location of Agade", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 205–45, 1990</ref>

[[File:Black Limestone Kudurru (Boundary Stone) of Marduk-nadin-akhe, 1099-1082 BC.jpg|thumb|A similar Kudurru of Marduk-nadin-akhe]]
Recent geographical surveys of ancient Mesopotamia tentatively identify Opis with the mound called Tall al-Mujailāt (also Tulūl al-Mujaili` or Tulūl Mujaili` or el-Mjel'aat), 20 miles southeast of the modern city of [[Baghdad]], 15 kilometers north of ancient [[Ctesiphon]], and 47 miles northeast of ancient [[Babylon]].<ref>S. Parpola and M. Porter, "The Helsinki Atlas of the Near East in the Neo-Assyrian Period", Helsinki, 2001 {{ISBN|9789514590504}}</ref><ref>P. Högelmann and K. Buschmann, "Östlicher Mittelmeerraum. Das achämenidische Westreich von Kyros bis Xerxes (547–479/8 v. Chr.)", in Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, B IV 23, 1986</ref><ref>R. J. Talbert, "Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World", Princeton 2000 {{ISBN|9780691049458}}</ref> The site has an extent of 500 meters by 200 meters with a maximum height of 6.5 meters above the plain. Surface material showed occupation from the Early Dynastic through the Neo-Babylonian periods.<ref name="Adams1965" >[https://ia802807.us.archive.org/16/items/land-behind-baghdad.-a-history-of-settlement-on-the-diyala-plains/Land%20Behind%20Baghdad.%20A%20History%20of%20Settlement%20on%20the%20Diyala%20Plains.pdf]Adams, Robert M., "Land Behind Baghdad: A History of Settlement on the Diyala Plains", Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1965</ref>

A [[Kudurru]] dated to the 13th year of Second Dynasty of Isin ruler [[Marduk-nadin-ahhe]] (c. 1095–1078 BC) was found at Tulūl al-Mujaili`. It was recorded at "the city Opis". The land in question was part of the city of Dur-Sharrkin "Fortress of Sargon" (location unknown). Not to be confused with the much later Neo-Assyrian fortress.<ref>[https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15763291&increment=143]K. al-Admi, "Kudurru of Maroduk-nadin-ahhe, IM 90585", Sumer 38, Sumer 38, pp. 121-133, 1982</ref>