Editing Operon (section)

== History ==
The term "operon" was first proposed in a short paper in the Proceedings of the [[French Academy of Sciences]] in 1960.<ref name="Jacob1960">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jacob F, Perrin D, Sanchez C, Monod J | title = [Operon: a group of genes with the expression coordinated by an operator] | language = fr | journal = Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences | volume = 250 | issue = 6 | pages = 1727–9 | date = February 1960 | pmid = 14406329 | url = http://www.weizmann.ac.il/complex/tlusty/courses/landmark/JacobMonod1960.pdf | type = Facsimile version reprinted in 2005 | trans-title = Operon: a group of genes with the expression coordinated by an operator | access-date = 2015-08-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051132/http://www.weizmann.ac.il/complex/tlusty/courses/landmark/JacobMonod1960.pdf | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | url-status = dead }}</ref> From this paper, the so-called general theory of the operon was developed. This theory suggested that in all cases, genes within an operon are negatively controlled by a [[repressor]] acting at a single [[operator (biology)|operator]] located before the first gene. Later, it was discovered that genes could be positively regulated and also regulated at steps that follow transcription initiation. Therefore, it is not possible to talk of a general regulatory mechanism, because different operons have different mechanisms. Today, the operon is simply defined as a cluster of genes transcribed into a single mRNA molecule.  Nevertheless, the development of the concept is considered a landmark event in the history of molecular biology. The first operon to be described was the [[lac operon|''lac'' operon]] in ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]''.<ref name=Jacob1960 />  The 1965 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine]] was awarded to [[François Jacob]], [[André Michel Lwoff]] and [[Jacques Monod]] for their discoveries concerning the operon and virus synthesis.