Editing Operations research (section)

==Overview==
Operations research (OR) encompasses the development and the use of a wide range of [[problem solving|problem-solving]] techniques and methods applied in the pursuit of improved decision-making and efficiency, such as [[simulation]], [[mathematical optimization]], [[queueing theory]] and other [[stochastic process|stochastic-process]] models, [[Markov Decision Process|Markov decision processes]], [[econometrics|econometric methods]], [[data envelopment analysis]], [[Ordinal Priority Approach|ordinal priority approach]], [[artificial neural network|neural networks]], [[Expert System|expert systems]], [[decision analysis]], and the [[analytic hierarchy process]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos044.htm |title=Operations Research Analysts |publisher=Bls.gov |access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref> Nearly all of these techniques involve the construction of mathematical models that attempt to describe the system. Because of the computational and statistical nature of most of these fields, OR also has strong ties to [[computer science]] and [[analytics]]. Operational researchers faced with a new problem must determine which of these techniques are most appropriate given the nature of the system, the goals for improvement, and constraints on time and computing power, or develop a new technique specific to the problem at hand (and, afterwards, to that type of problem).

The major sub-disciplines (but not limited to) in modern operational research, as identified by the journal ''Operations Research''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.informs.org/site/OperationsResearch/index.php?c=10&kat=Forthcoming+Papers |title=OR / Pubs / IOL Home |publisher=INFORMS.org |date=2 January 2009 |access-date=13 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527093022/http://www.informs.org/site/OperationsResearch/index.php?c=10&kat=Forthcoming+Papers |archive-date=27 May 2009 }}</ref> and ''The Journal of the Operational Research Society'' <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Petropoulos |first1=Fotios |last2=Laporte |first2=Gilbert |last3=Aktas |first3=Emel |last4=Alumur |first4=Sibel A. |last5=Archetti |first5=Claudia |last6=Ayhan |first6=Hayriye |last7=Battarra |first7=Maria |last8=Bennell |first8=Julia A. |last9=Bourjolly |first9=Jean-Marie |last10=Boylan |first10=John E. |last11=Breton |first11=Michèle |last12=Canca |first12=David |last13=Charlin |first13=Laurent |last14=Chen |first14=Bo |last15=Cicek |first15=Cihan Tugrul |date=2023-12-27 |title=Operational Research: methods and applications |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01605682.2023.2253852 |journal=Journal of the Operational Research Society |volume=75 |issue=3 |language=en |pages=423–617 |doi=10.1080/01605682.2023.2253852 |issn=0160-5682|arxiv=2303.14217 }}</ref>  are:
* Computing and information technologies
* [[Financial engineering]]
* [[Manufacturing]], [[service science]]s, and [[supply chain management]]
* Policy modeling and public sector work
* [[Revenue management]]
* [[Simulation]]
* [[Stochastics|Stochastic models]]
* [[Transportation theory (mathematics)|Transportation theory]] 
* [[Game theory]] for strategies
* [[Linear programming]] 
* [[Nonlinear programming]] 
* [[Integer programming]] in [[NP-complete problem]] specially for 0-1 integer linear programming for binary
* [[Dynamic programming]] in [[Aerospace engineering]] and [[Economics]] 
* [[Information theory]] used in [[Cryptography]], [[Quantum computing]] 
* [[Quadratic programming]] for solutions of [[Quadratic equation]] and [[Quadratic function]]